Module 2 Respiratory Anatomy Flashcards
What is apart of the upper respiratory tract (URT)?
All organs located outside the thorax; I.e Nose and the Pharynx.
The Pharynx is made up of:
- Nasopharynx
- Oropharynx
- Laryngopharynx
- Larnx
What is apart of the lower respiratory tract (LRT)?
Organs are located within the thorax.
- Trachea
- Bronchial tree
- lungs.
Identify the listed structure in the upper and lower respiratory tract.
Nasal Cavity
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
L/R primary bronchi
What are some functions of the nose?
- The nose filters air (nose hairs)
- prevents particulate from entering. - Adds heat and humidity to incoming air
- aids in speech
- makes sense of smell (olfactory epithelium)
What function does turbinate serve and where is it located in the nose?
Turbinates provide a large mucous covered surface area that air passes over. The membrane keeps air warm and humidifies air.
It is located in the bulb portion of the nose or with the conchae.
Identify the listed structures:
Hard Palate
Hyoid Bone
Epiglottis
Esophagus
Trachea
Pharynx structures
Identify the following structures:
Hard palate
Soft palate
Uvula
Palatine Tonsil
Where is the Nasopharynx located? what does it comrpise of?
Behind the nose, extends to soft palate.
It has the right/left eustachian tubs. The pharyngeal tonsils are also located in this location, when they’re swollen they’re refered to as adenoids when enlarged.
In the Oropharynx, what collapses and why is it a problem?
The tounge and soft tissue can collaspe which obstructs airways. It will sound like snoring.
Tilting the chin up or use a CPAP? - basically do what is needed to clear the airway
What function does the Laryngopharynx have compared to the other 2 sections of the larynx?
TLDR:
Food and air pass through the Laryngopharynx, so, the epiglottis is used to divert food from airways.
The epiglottis lifts and closes the passage ways for our esophagus and trachea.
Where are tracheostomys performed in the Larynx?
–
Cricothyroid ligament.
The larynx is lined primarily with respiratory mucosa, pseudostratified, and ciliated columnar epithelium.
What are the 2 main folds called?
Why is the glottis important?
- Vestibular folds (False vocal folds)
- Vocal folds (white)
Glottis is between the two.
- The Glottis is the narrowest part of the airway in adults.
- we need to know where it is when intubating, the right size is needed to correctly fit
Framework of cartilage in the layrnx? (9)
hint
3 large and 6 accessory
The largest
- Thyroid cartiliage
- Epiglottis
- Cricoid cartilage (narrowest airway in infants)
Accessory cartiliage
4,5.Arytenoids
6,7 Corniculate
8,9 Cuneiform
When primary bronchi divide into secondary bronchi
- what are they called?
- where do they eventually divide into?
- They’re called Bronchioles.
- They divide into the alveolar ducts and alveoli.
What is the split in the trachea (windpipe) called?
The Carina, it splits into the right and left bronchi.
The alveoli is where primary gas exchange occurs. The barrier known as the respiratory membrane is where gasses are exchanged between air and blood.
What does the respiratory membrane consist of?
The respiratory membrane consists of:
- The alveolar epithelium
- Capillary endothelium
- and basement membrane
What is surfactant?
Surfactant is a fluid coating the respiratory membrane, it reduces surface tension.
It is produced by type 2 cells.
What are type 1 and 2 epithelial cells?
Type 1 cells are alveolar cells where gas exchange occurs.
Type 2 cells are alveolar cells that secrete surfactant. They only activate when they are properly stretched (like when breaths are taken.)
Refer to slide 56 for more info.
Why is high surface tension bad?
High surface tension is bad because it can cause the lungs to collapse.
Anatomically Describe how the right and left lungs are split
How are they structured
The right lung is divided into 3 lobes: Superior, Middle, and inferior
The left lung in 2: superior and inferior
Where is the costal surface located?
Where is the base located?
The costal surface lies against the ribs.
The base rests on the diaphragm
The lungs are divided into further (bronchopulmonary) segments, how many are there in each (left and right)?
10 in the right
8 in the left.
Which lung is more suspectable to foreign objects and why
The right lung. Its just cause of the angle.
Does the Lung Parenchyma have smooth muscles or elastic fibers?
Elastic fibers - they need to be retraceable and be able to tether the lungs for breathing.
i.e hold the airways open for exhalation.
