Module 1 Intro to Pathophysiology Flashcards
Define anatomy
Science of bodily structures
Define pathology
The science of cause and effect
Pathophysiology
Study of functional pathophysiological changes and processes associated with disease
6 levels of organization in Anatomy and Physiology
- Chemical
- Cellular
- Tissue
- Organ
- System
- Organismal levels of organization (the body)
1) Chemical Level: Atoms (smallest units and participate in chemical reactions) and molecules (2+ atoms joined). Atoms include C, O, P, S, Ca, H, and N. Molecules include DNA and glucose.
2) Cellular Level: Molecules combined to form cells (smallest living units)
3) Tissue Level: Groups of cells working together to perform a function
4) Organ Level: Different types of tissues joined together
5) System Level: Related organs with a common function (ie digestive system)
6) Organism Level: All parts of the human body function together
What are Cillia?
Cillia are short, hair like cell processes.
They move in coordination and keep contaminated mucus moving toward the throat.
Regions in the dorsal cavities?
Cranial cavity and Spinal cavity.
What are the regions in the ventral body cavity
Match the following:
Thoracic cavity
pleural cavities
mediastinum
diaphragm
abdominal cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity
pelvic cavity
Thoracic cavity
pleural cavities
mediastinum
diaphragm
abdominal cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity
pelvic cavity
Medical terms for directions :
Superior
Posterior
Distal
Proximal
Distal
Inferior
Planes
Lateral
Sagittal planes
Coronal Planes
Transverse planes
Oblique Planes
What is Homeostasis? give some example of types.
Homeostasis describes the maintenance of the internal environment around the body. Cells remain constant.
i.e
- Temp regulation
- Regulation of blood carbon dioxide levels
- Regulation of blood glucose levels.
What are basic components of control systems? (4)
Sensor mechanisms
Control center / integrating
effector mechanisms
Feedback.
(1) detect and react to any changes in normal
(2) Processing of info, if needed a specfic reaction is started
(3) directly controll physiological variables.
(4) Process of info about a variable constatly flowing back from the sensor to the integrator
Types of feedback loops
Negative and postive
Negative inhibits or stabilizes
Positive stimulates/enhances or destablizes.
Positive loops cease when a component is exhausted.
Homeostasis:
What are some levels of control? (3)
Intracellular control
Intrinsic control (auto regulation)
Extrinsic control
(1) regulation within cells (enzymes or genes)
(2) regulation within tissues or organs. such a chem signals
(3) regulation organ to organ: may involve nerve signals (i.e like the brain). alt, could also invlude the endocrine system (hormones).
What is the difference between acute and chronic conditions?
Acute diseases have a short duration, and progress rapidly. They are abrupt requiring urgent care
Chronic conidtions are diseases that develop slowly over a long span of time. Think of diabetes or COPD.
What are some types of pathogens?
- Prion (is spread by protein)
- Viruses (non living cells that need a host to survive)
- Bacteria (free living cells that can live outside of the body_
- Fungi (yeast cells that infect urinary/reproductive tracts)
- Protozoans (flagellated cells that cause travellers dirrhea)
- Pathogenic animals (worms)
(refer to slide 30 for more info on each.)
