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BSNC 2000 > Module 2 - Pneumonia > Flashcards

Module 2 - Pneumonia Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Pneumonia

A 
Typical
Atypical
Hospital Acquired Pneumonia (HAI)
Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAI)
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia
Aspiration Pneumonia
Immunocompromised Pneumonia
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2
Q

Hospital Acquired Pneumonia

A

Pneumonia that develops >48 hours after admission into hospital

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3
Q

Community Acquired Pneumonia

A

Pneumonia that develops in the community or <48 hours after admission into hospital

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4
Q

Respiratory Defenses

A

Cough Reflex
Mucociliary Blanket
Respiratory macrophages
Respiratory antibodies

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5
Q

Signs & Symptoms of Typical Pneumonia

A 
fever
malaise
chills
fever
productive cough - green/brown/yellow mucus  
SOB
chest pain
hemoptysis
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6
Q

Respiratory Defenses

A

Cough reflex
Mucociliary blanket
Antibodies (IgA)
Alveolar macrophages

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7
Q

Community-acquired Pneumonia

A

Pt has been out of hospital for 2 weeks

Diagnosis within 48 hrs of admission

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8
Q

Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia

A

Pt diagnosed after 48 hrs of admission

More likely to be associated with antibiotic-resistant bacteria

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9
Q

Aspiration Pneumonia

A

occurs when fluids/foreign matter is aspirated from upper airway –> lungs

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10
Q

Populations at risk for Aspiration Pneumonia

A

dysphagic patients
stroke patients
patients with decreased LOC (sedation, drugs, alcohol)

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11
Q

Walking Pneumonia

A

Mild case of CAP

does not require bedrest or hospitalization

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12
Q

Risk Factors

A 
Surgery --> decreased DB+C
Immobility
Dysphagia 
Neurological/Cognitive impairment (stroke, dementia)
Immunocompromised 
Alcohol
Smoking
Diabetes
Heart Failure
Age (>65)
COPD
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13
Q

Complications of Pneumonia

A 
hypoxemia
life-threatening low blood pressure
lung abscess
lung injury -> acute respiratory distress syndrome 
sepsis
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14
Q

Consolidation

A

accumulation of fluid, debris and particles in the alveoli

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15
Q

Pneumonia

A

infection leading to inflammation of the lung parenchyma

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16
Q

Lobar Pneumonia

A

Entire lobe of lung is affected

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17
Q

Bronchopneumonia

A

patchy infection. part of the airway + parts of parenchyma are affected

18
Q

Atypical Pneumonia Location

A

Affects the alveolar septum and interstitium of lungs

19
Q

Typical Pneumonia Location

A

Affects the alveoli

20
Q

Stages of Typical Pneumonia

A

Consolidation
Red Hepatization
Gray Hepatization
Resolution

21
Q

SaO2

A

oxygen saturation of arterial blood. measured directly by an ABG or indirectly by pulse oximetry

22
Q

SpO2

A

oxygen saturation of available hemoglobin in arterial blood. indirectly measures SaO2

23
Q

PaO2

A

partial pressure of oxygen in blood plasma. measured by an ABG

24
Q

Immunocompromised Pneumonia

A

microbes that may not cause pneumonia in healthy individuals cause pneumonia in IMC pts because of increased susceptibility

25
Q

Atypical Pneumonia S/S

A

dry cough

low grade fever

26
Q

Parenchyma

A

functional tissue of an organ

27
Q

Typical Pneumonia Agents

A

bacteria

viral (influenza)

28
Q

Atypical Pneumonia Agents

A

mycoplasma

viruses

29
Q

Mycoplasma

A

type of bacteria lacking a cell wall

30
Q

HA Pneumonia Risk Factors

A 
Intubation/Venatilator 
Immunocompromised Status
Chronic Lung Disease
Immobility
Dysphagia
Airway instrument (endotracheal tube/tracheotomy)
31
Q

Types of Immunocompromised Status

A

Low Humoral Immunity
Low cellular Immunit
Neutropenia/Impaired granulocyte function

32
Q

Normal Lung Sounds

A

Bronchial
Bronchovesicular
Vesicular

33
Q

Bronchial sounds

A

loc: trachea (abnormal if heard elsewhere)
loud
expiration
harsh, hollow, tubular

34
Q

Bronchovesicular sounds

A

loc: major bronchi
moderate
heard on inspiration/expiration
mixed sound

35
Q

Vesicular

A

loc: peripheral lung fields
soft
inspiration
rustling sound

36
Q

Diagnostic Tests

A 
ABG - acidosis
CBC - elevated WBC 
Blood culture - bacteremia 
Chest X-ray - consolidation, edema 
Sputum Culture & Sensitivity (id bacteria & antibiotic)
37
Q

Abnormal Respiratory Data

A 
Chest pain 
Dyspnea
Increased WOB
Abnormal lung sounds 
SpO2 <92 or 88
Cyanosis 
Pale, cold, clammy (decreased CWMS)
38
Q

Respiratory interventions (9)

A 
Raise HOB
DB+C
Incentive spirometer
Bronchodilators
Oxygen therapy
Fluid intake (dilute secretions)
Pain treatment 
Oral care
Promote Mobility
39
Q

Determinants of gas exchange

A 
Alveolar Diffusion Distance
Ventilation
Pulmonary Perfusion
Composition of Air 
Gas Transport
40
Q

Factors increasing metabolic demand

A

Physical Activity
Stress
Fever

BSNC 2000 (9 decks)

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