MODULE 2 - Part 1 Flashcards
___ word of common ___
latin; communis
considered as the origin of communication
sender
in order to share these ideas, sender has to give physical/ concrete shape in form of
commonly accepted codes
through this process sender gives concrete shape to his/her abstract ideas
encoding
encoded idea is called
message
once sender`s idea is encoded; it’s ready to move toward receiver
Message Sending
can be anything that carries message
medium/ channel
receiving of message involves ___ & ____ which leads to understanding.
sensory; cognitive process
- plays significant role in process of communication.
- message gets its original form i.e. ideas
decoding
involves cognitive aspect which finally leads to the understanding of the sender`s message.
- decoding
last stage in which receiver responds to sender`s message
feedback
______ decides the type of channel thru which the communication passes
organizational hierarchy
communication channels can be categorized as:
- formal communication
- informal communication
common types of communication:
- verbal communication
- non-verbal communication
- written communication
- exchange of official info that flows along diff. levels of organizational hierarchy & conforms to the prescribed professional rules, policy, standards, processes and regulations of the organization
- governed by chain of command & complies w/ all organizational conventional rules
FORMAL COMMUNICATION
4 TYPES OF FORMAL COMMUNICATION
- DOWNWARD
- UPWARD
- HORIZONTAL/ LATERAL
- DIAGONAL/ VROSSWISW
FORMAL COMMUNICATION: ____ information passes from management lvl to subordinate lvl
DOWNWARD COMMUNICATION
FORMAL COMMUNICATION: ____ message passes from subordinate lvl to management lvl.
UPWARD COMMUNICATION
FORMAL COMMUNICATION: ____ co-workers w/ diff. areas of responsibilities, but at the same lvl in org communicate w/ each other.
HORIZONTAL/ LATERAL
FORMAL COMMUNICATION: ____ employees of diff. departments at diff. lvls communicate w/ each other
DIAGONAL/ CROSSWISE
can be facilitated is called as
FORMAL COMMUNICATION NETWORK.
FORMAL COMMUNICATION NETWORK FORMS:
- WHEEL NETWORK
- CHAIN NETWORK
- CIRCLE NETWORK
- FREE FLOW NETWORK
- INVERTED V COMMUNICATION
FORMAL COMMUNICATION NETWORK: formal network which subordinate is
allowed to communicate w/ his immediate
superior as well as w/ superior’s superior,
INVERTED V
FORMAL COMMUNICATION NETWORK:
- everyone is connected to each other; info
can flow freely from anywhere in org
- MOST DECENTRALIZED
FREE FLOW NETWORK
FORMAL COMMUNICATION NETWORK:
- one of decentralized which info is shared
equally among all the members
- each person gives & receives info from
two/more persons in network.
CIRCLE NETWORK
FORMAL COMMUNICATION NETWORK:
- Info flows either up or down the line.
- chain gets created, & all members get
connected to single person, the leader.
CHAIN NETWORK
FORMAL COMMUNICATION NETWORK: most centralized which all info flows from 1 central person (leader)
WHEEL NETWORK
INFORMAL CHANNEL NETWORK OR
GRAPEVINE NETWORK
INFORMAL COMMUNICATION:
- info flows from one person to next person in the network.
- less reliable & accurate to pass on
message.
SINGLE STRAND NETWORK
INFORMAL COMMUNICATION:
- There’s individual who tells message to all
other members in the network directly
- often used when subject matter is
unrelated to nature of job.
GOSSIP CHAIN NETWORK
INFORMAL COMMUNICATION:
- there’s individual who acts as a source of
message selects any person randomly in his
network to communicate message
- used when info is interesting, but not
significant
PROBABILITY CHAIN NETWORK
INFORMAL COMMUNICATION:
- there’s individual who, acts as source of
message, transmits info to pre-selected
group of individuals out of whom few
individuals again tell same message to other
selected group of individuals.
- most common form of informal
communication network.
CLUSTER CHAIN NETWORK
considered as unspoken communication
NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
NON-VERBAL: study of body movements
KINESICS
NON-VERBAL: used to modify meaning & convey emotion; sometimes definition is restricted to vocally-produced sounds.
PARALANGUAGE
NON-VERBAL: PERCEPTION OF & USE OF SPACE
PROXEMICS
FILL IN:
1. _____ distance: for touching or whispering
- close phase:
- far phase:
2. _____: for good friends/ family
- close phase: 1
- far phase:
3. _____: for acquaintances
- close phase:
- far phase:
4. _____: for public speaking
- close phase:
- far phase:
- intimate distance: for embracing,
touching or whispering
close phase: less than 1 inch
far phase: 6-8inches - personal distance: for good
friends/ family
close phase: 1.5-2.5ft
far phase: 2.5-4ft - social distance: for acquaintances
close phase: 4-7ft
far phase: 7-12ft - public distance: for public speaking
close phase: 12-25ft
far phase: 25ft
NON-VERBAL: study of human tempo as it related to human communication.
CHRONEMICS
NON-VERBAL: science of applying touch (tactile) sensation & control to interaction w/ computer applications; offers additional dimension to virtual reality or 3D environment
HAPTICS
most common & effective mode of business communication.
WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
interpersonal barriers in communication are categorized as:
- semantic barriers
- psychological barriers
- organizational barriers
BARRIERS: any misunderstanding that is caused by words & their meaning
SEMANTIC BARRIERS
BARRIERS: barriers which arises due to person`s psychological state
PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS
BARRIERS: takes place in business environments.
ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIERS
policy & procedure manuals can be divided into 2 broad groups:
- designed for internal use of lab
- directed at user’s lab services
MANUALS THAT include safety, quality monitoring, technical procedures & administrative matters
INTERNAL MANUALS
MANUALS THAT ARE lab service manual for nurses & instructional booklets/sheets given to patients about preparation for testing.
EXTERNAL MANUALS
INTERNAL MANUALS (4)
- ADMINISTRATIVE MANUALS
- TECHNICAL MANUALS
- SAFETY MANUALS
- QUALITY MANAGEMENT MANUALS
EXTERNAL MANUALS (2)
- SPECIMEN COLLECTION MANUALS
- LABORATORY SERVICE MANUALS
MANUALS that addresses policies that apply to entire lab (disaster plans & procedures for purchasing & ordering supplies)
ADMINISTRATIVE MANUALS
MANUALS that contain info & step-by-step instructions for operating instruments & performing individual tests, tasks, and duties
TECHNICAL MANUALS
MANUALS that contain info to maintain health & safety of those working w/ potentially hazardous equip
SAFETY MANUALS
MANUALS that contain overall procedures, policies & rules for ensuring quality of lab services (addresses issues of specimen acceptability, technical review of quality data, integration w/ institutional quality & responsibility for ensuring that quality standards & goals are achieved)
QUALITY MANAGEMENT MANUALS
MANUALS required by inspection agencies to be distributed to all areas in which specimens are collected for submission to lab
SPECIMEN COLLECTION MANUALS
MANUALS talks about factors that affect users of lab services:
LAB SERVICE MANUALS
inclusive informative system developed to process for storing & managing informative data of industrial & medical related info of clinical & analytical laboratories.
Laboratory Information System (LIS)
- ______ phase: all aspects of testing & result review process
- _____ phase: reporting of finalized results
- ____ phase: quality &integrity of test samples
- pre-analytical phase: quality &integrity of test samples
- analytical phase: all aspects of testing & result review process
- post-analytical phase: reporting of finalized results
software used to deal w/ modern-day laboratory operations.
Laboratory management system
