Module 2 Lecture 3 Flashcards
What are the main functions of the kidney?
filter waste products from
the bloodstream & convert the filtrate
into urine
What are the ureter functions?
transport urine from kidney
to bladder via peristalsis
Function of the urinary bladder?
storage of urine
What is the function of the urethra?
transports urine from
bladder to outside of the body
Label where the kidneys are
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What are the kidney’s function?
Regulation of blood volume & pressure (kidneys) ➢ Regulation of erythrocyte production (kidneys) via erythropoietin ➢ Regulation of the blood’s inorganic ion balance –sodium, potassium and phosphate ions (kidneys) ➢ Acid-base balance through changes in the rates of hydrogen ion and ammonium secretion (kidneys)
Label where the kidneys are!
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Are kidneys attached to any ligaments?
Kidneys are NOT attached to any ligaments, instead they are mainly held in a position by their adipose capsule (soft tissue cushion)
What is the kidney? (organ wise)
The kidneys are a retroperitoneal organ which is behind the pariteal peritoneum
What is the renal fascia?
dense irregular
tissue; anchors the kidney to
surrounding tissues
What is the adipose capsule?
adipose capsule: fat with
adipose tissue: cushioning
and insulation
What is the renal capsule
renal capsule: dense connective
tissue: maintains kidney shape;
protects from pathogens
Label the kidneys ( how can you tell right from left)
Anterior and posterior orientation of vein/artery/ureter: VAU
Calices function
The renal calyces and pelvis function, in part, as reservoirs for urine received from the collecting tubules. They also conduct urine to the upper ureter.
What does the renal sinus contain?
▪ The renal sinus contains minor/major calices, renal pelvis, renal fat, blood vessels
▪ The access to the renal sinus is the renal hilum
label the blood supply of the kidneys
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What are the arteries of the kidney?
1) Renal artery
2) Segmental artery
3) Interlobar artery
4) Arcuate artery
5) Interlobular artery
What are the arteries of the kidney?
1) Renal artery
2) Segmental artery
3) Interlobar artery
4) Arcuate artery
5) Interlobular artery
What are nephrons?
the kidneys are made up of filtering units called nephrons, The renal corpuscle is composed of a capillary network called the glomerulus.
• Glomerulus is surrounded by the glomerular capsule (Bowman capsule).
• Produces a filtrate of blood
Label the nephrons
the parts of the renal corpucsle
What does the loop of henle do? & Label
The loop henle- absorption of ions and water
What does bowman’s capsule do?
Bowman’s capsule is involved in filtration then efferent arteriole
What does the proximal convoluted tubule do?
it reabsorbs ions, nutrients, plasma, proteins, vitamins and water, filtrate is now called tubular fluid
What does the distal convoluted tubule do?
Secrets ions into the tubular
fluid and reabsorbs water
What is the collecting duct used for?
for urine
label the ureter
–
Where is the ureter and what is it’s purpose?
25-30cm long fibromuscular tubes •Extend from renal pelvis » exit the hilum of the kidney •Paired •Retroperitoneal •Transport urine via peristaltic action of smooth muscle
What are the three layers of the ureters?
mucosa:
transitional epithelium stretchy to the
passage of urine
• bundles of primarily smooth muscle fibers
surround the mucosa and help propel urine
to the outside of the body
Muscularis:
2 smooth muscle layers: inner longitudinal
& outer circular
• peristaltic waves to propel the urine
Adventina:
areolar connective tissue which anchors the
ureter to the posterior part of abdominal
cavity
What is the urinary bladder and what is its function?
The urinary bladder is an expandable, muscular reservoir for urine
• Retroperitoneal
• Receives blood by branches of the internal iliac arteries
• It is shaped like an upside-down pyramid when empty; when full, it is distended
superiorly and oval-shaped
What is the trigone and what’s its function?
Is a posteroinferior triangular area of the urinary bladder wall between the two posterior ureteral openings and the anterior urethral opening/internal urethral orifice. It functions as a funnel to direct urine into the urethra as the bladder wall contracts to evacuate the stored urine
What are the parasympathetic axons in urination (micturtion)
The parasympathetic axons • come from the micturition reflex center located in spinal cord segments S2–S4 • stimulate urination
What are the sympathetic axons in urination (micturtion
The sympathetic axons
• come from the T11–L2
segments of the spinal cord
• inhibit micturition
Male urethra? what are the three sections?
18-20cm long common passageway for both urine and semen • Prostatic urethra – ~3cm long – Extends through prostate gland where multiple small prostatic ducts enter it • Membranous urethra – Shortest portion (<1cm) from inferior prostate gland through urogenital diaphragm • Spongy urethra – ~15 cm in erectile tissue in the penis called corpus spongiosum – Extends to the external urethral orifice
Label the male urethra
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what does the internal urethral sphincter do?
Internal urethral sphincter prevents the simultaneous passage of sperm and urine through the male urethra
What is the female urethra, please label
3-5cm long and only transmits urine from bladder to
vestibule, an external space immediately internal to the labia
minora
Label the female urethra
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