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Biomedical Science 1071 SM2 > Module 2 Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Module 2 Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the organs of the GI Tract?

A 
Oral cavity
• Pharynx
• Oesophagus
• Stomach
• Small intestine
• Large intestine
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2
Q

What is the GI tract?

A

The GI tract is a continuous 9-10cm tube from the mouth the to anus, it is made up of smooth muscle –> the GI tract pushed materials from one end to the other

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3
Q

What are accessory digestive organs?

A

Accessory digestive organs include the liver, gallbladder, pancreas and salivary glands

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4
Q

How many digestive functions are there?

A

6

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5
Q

Define Ingestion?

A

Acquisition of nutrients

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6
Q

Define digestion

A

Mechanical and chemical breakdown of

ingested food

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7
Q

Define propulsion

A

Movement of food through GI tract

peristalsis and segmentation

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8
Q

Define secretion

A

• Release of mucins, water, acid, and enzymes

into the lumen of the digestive system

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9
Q

Define absorption

A

Transport of nutrients from the digestive

system to the circulatory system

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10
Q

Define defecation

A

Elimination of feces

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11
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Wave muscular contraction that occurs
throughout the GI tract (similar to pushing
toothpaste through the toothpaste tube)

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12
Q

What is segmentation?

A

Back-and-forth churning that occurs mainly in

the small intestine

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13
Q

What is the mucosa (label)?

A

inner lining of epithelium

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14
Q

What is the submucosa?

A

layer of connective tissue

with blood/lymph vessels/nerves

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15
Q

What is the muscularis

A

2 layers of smooth muscle
(except esophagus; skeletal and smooth
muscle, and stomach; 3 layers)

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16
Q

What is the tunica serosa?

A

outer

connective tissue covering organ

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17
Q

What is the Parietal peritoneum?

A

Lines inner surface of body wall; is
attached to abdominal and pelvic
walls; secretes peritoneal fluid and
stores fat`

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18
Q

What is the visceral peritoneum?

A

(wrapped around the organs

within the Intraperitoneal space)

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19
Q

What are mesentries

A

Folds of peritoneum that support
the intraperitoneal GI tract
organs; contain vessels, nerves,
and lymphatics

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20
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

the serous membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen and covering the abdominal organs.

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21
Q

What are the intraperitoneal organs?

A

Organs that are suspended into the peritoneal cavity CONTAIN mesenteries, are referred to as
intraperitoneal organs, and are movable

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22
Q

What are retroperitoneal organs?

A

Organs that are NOT suspended into the peritoneal cavity LACK mesenteries, are referred to as
retroperitoneal organs, and are immobile (or fixed) e.g. pancreas, kidneys, duodenum, ascending
& descending colon of LI
SADPUCKER

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23
Q

Label the liver, stomach and the greater omentum

A

-

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24
Q

Label the peritoneal cavity

A

-

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25
What do mesentries contain?
Mesentries contain blood and lymph vessels and nerves for the small intestine
26
What are vestibules?
Vestibules is the space bewteen the teeth and the lips
27
Label the tonsils
--
28
What are tonsils?
patches of lymphatic tissue found at the entrance of the pharynx • protection against ingested and inhaled pathogens
29
What are the pharyngeal tonsil?
Pharyngeal tonsils are in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx
30
What are palatine tonsils
Palatine tonsils are in the posterolateral region of the oral cavity
31
What are lingual tonsils?
Lingual tonsils are along the | posterior one-third of the tongue
32
What is enamel?
white outer surface of tooth (only in crown), calcified surface that is stronger than bone
33
What are the three levels of the tooth?
Crown, Neck and Root
34
What is dentin
▪ Dentin: surface directly beneath enamel that is less calcified, similar to bone
35
What is pulp?
▪ Pulp: inner most part of the tooth, houses the nerve and blood supply to the tooth
36
What is the crown?
CROWN (externally visible covered by enamel), NECK (covered by gingiva, lacks enamel, not located in alveolar bone), ROOT (housed in alveolar bone, different teeth have different numbers of roots)
37
Label the tongue
--
38
Functions of the tongue
aids in chewing, sensory analysis by touch, temperature and receptors, secretion of mucins and the enzyme lingual lipase that aids in breaking down the triglycerides
39
Functions of the salivary glands?
Lubricate the oral cavity & moisten food - Dissolve chemicals that simulate the taste buds - Anti-microbial substances - -Parasympathetic innervation simulates salivary gland secretion
40
What is the parotid?
``` Parotid • Anteriorly to the ear • 25-30% of the saliva passes into the oral cavity via the parotid duct • Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) ```
41
What is the sublingual
Sublingual • Inferiorly to tongue and internal to oral mucosa • 3-5% of saliva passes to the inferior surface of the oral cavity via the sublingual ducts • Facial nerve (CN VII)
42
What is the Submadibular?
``` Submandibular • Inferior to the mandible • 60-70% of the saliva passes to the floor of the mouth (lingual frenulum) via the submandibular duct • Facial nerve (CN VII) ```
43
Function of the temporalis
``` TMJ elevation (Jaw closing); retraction; side to side movements ```
44
Function of the Masseter
``` TMJ elevation (Jaw closing); protraction; side to side movements ```
45
Function of the medial pterygoid
``` TMJ elevation (Jaw closing); side to side movements ```
46
Function of the lateral pterygoid
``` TMJ depression (Jaw opening); protraction; side to side movements ```
47
What are the oropharynx and laryngopharynx made up of?
they are lined with nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
48
What is the oesophagus?
``` hollow muscular tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach • 25cm long •Located within the mediastinum • posterior to trachea • medial to aorta • through esophageal hiatus • wall secretes a lubricant • skeletal & smooth muscle ```
49
Label the lower and the upper oesophageal sphincter
-
50
Stomach functions
``` ➢ Storage of digestive food ➢Mechanical breakdown of ingested food ➢Chemical digestion via acids and enzymes (preliminary protein digestion) ➢Ingested food now called chyme (viscous, acidic, soupy mixture) ➢Protein digestion begins here ```
51
Label the stomach
-
52
What are rugae?
ugae are a series of ridges produced by folding of the wall of an organ. Most commonly rugae refers to the gastric rugae of the internal surface of the stomach.
53
Label the different mesenteries
-
54
What is the function of the lesser omentum?
▪ Lesser omentum attached at the lesser curvature – stabilises position of stomach
55
What is the function of the greater omentum?
▪Greater omentum attached at the greater curvature – its adipose tissue protects the abdomen
56
What is the lesser and greater omenta house?
Lesser & greater omenta house (or convey) the blood vessels & nerves of the stomach
57
What do unpaired organs get?
Unpaired organs get blood supply from unpaired blood vessels (celiac trunk, superior & inferior mesenteric arteries)
58
What blood supply does the organs located ABOVE the transverse mesocolon?
Organs located above transverse mesocolon get blood supply from celiac trunk
59
What blood supply does the organs BELOW the transverse mesocolon?
▪ Organs located below transverse mesocolon get blood from mesenteric arteries
60
What blood supply doe the organs of the right side of the M.P?
▪ Organs located on the right side of the mesentery proper get blood supply from the sup. mesenteric artery
61
What blood supply doe the organs of the left side of the M.P?
▪ Organs located on the left side of the mesentery proper get blood supply from inf. mesenteric artery
62
What is the celiac trunk?
The celiac trunk is a branch of the abdominal aorta and supplies all organs (liver, stomach, spleen) which are located intraperitoneally and above the transverse mesocolon
63
What is the function of the celiac trunk?
It supplies only superior parts of the pancreas and duodenum as both these organs are located above and below the transverse mesocolon
64
What does the SUP mesenteric artery supply?
Supplies (right side of mesenterium): - ascending & 2/3 transverse colon - small intestine - parts of pancreas and duodenum
65
What does the INF mesenteric artery supply?
Supplies (left side of mesenterium): - 1/3 transverse, descending and sigmoid colon - upper parts of rectum

Biomedical Science 1071 SM2 (14 decks)

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