Module 1 Lecture 3, there is a part 2 further down Flashcards
What are arteries?
They are vessels that carry blood away from the heart (mostly oxygenated)
What are veins?
They are vessels that return blood towards the heart, mostly deoxygenated (vein=in)
What are capillaries
Exchange of gases nutrients and waste products between blood and tissues
Comparison of the walls of arteries, capillaries and veins 1) arteries
Arteries
- thicker tunica media
- smaller lumen
- muscular wall
- contain elastic lamellae
- tunica intima (simple squamous epithelium), tunica media ( circular arranged smooth muscle) , tunica externa ( connective tissue)
Comparison of the walls of arteries, capillaries and veins 2) capillaries
capillaries only have tunica intima
Comparison of the walls of arteries, capillaries and veins 3) Veins
Thicker tunica externa
- larger lumen
- tunica intima (simple squamous epithelium), tunica media ( circular arranged smooth muscle) , tunica externa ( connective tissue)
How do the structures of arteries and veins reflect their function?
An artery keeps its shape as a lot of pressure is going through, the muscular wall is for resilience and there are elastin fibre, with veins they can easily collapse
What are arteries desgined to withstand?
they are destined to withstand higher pressures than veins
What is an elastic artery?
Elastic arteries are abundant with elastic laminae (elastin fibres) in the wall, it permits vessel walls to recoil to resist large pressure - they are able to expand and come back
What are examples of elastic – they conduct!
pulmonary trunk, aorta, common carotid arteries, branchiocephalic trunk, subclavia arteries, common iliac arteries (basically the large major ones)
What is a muscular artery?
A muscular artery is an artery which has an arterial wall dominated by smooth muscle –> medium sized arteries.
Examples of muscular artery- Distributing!
- external carotid arteries
- arteries of the limbs –> branchial arteries and femoral arteries
Where is the site of exchange?
The exchange of materials between the blood and body can occur at the level of capillaries
Order?
Arteries –> arterioles –> capillaries –> venules and veins
What do small and medium veins contain?
Small and medium veins contain valves
Where are these infolds found?
Infolds of the tunica intima create valves to ensure unidirectional flow of blood –> folds make vavles –> no backflow
Describe the low pressure pump?
Pulmonary circulation! 2 arteries and 2 veins •Right ventricle pumps into •Pulmonary trunk •1 left & 1 right pulmonary artery carry oxygen poor (deoxygenated) blood to each lung •2 left & 2 right pulmonary veins from each lung carry oxygen rich (oxygenated) blood to the left atrium
Lable the low pressure pump diagram
Lable the different arteries
What are the major different arteries
1) Ascending aorta (heart), 2)the arch of aorta (head, neck and upper limbs), 3) descending thoracic aorta (thorax and lungs) 4) Decending abdominal aorta (abdominal organs) 5) common iliac arteries 6) internal iliac artery (pelvic organs) and external iliac artery (lower limbs)
Where do all systemic circuation branch from?
all systemic arteries branch from the aorta
Where do the 2 coronary arteries originate?
the 2 coronary arteries originate at the base of the ascending aorta
What happens during ventricular diastole?
During ventricular diastole, the blood flows backward in the ascending aorta,
closing the aortic valve and flowing into the coronary arteries.
Label the 2 coronary arteries
What 3 arteries orignate from the arch?
- brachiocephalic trunk (branches into the right common carotid & right subclavian arteries)
- left common carotid artery
- left subclavian artery
They supply the head, neck, shoulders, upper limbs & thoracic wall
Label the origns of the common arteries
What are deep veins?
Usually accompany the arteries and share similar names
• Some exceptions
What are superficial veins?
They are veins that sit below the skin
How does the body control temperature?
The body can shunt blood between the deep & superficial
veins for body temperature control
Label the jugular veins
–
What is the brachiocephalic veins made up of?
Left and right brachiocephalic veins are formed from the joining ofr the subclavian vein and internal jugular vein, the joint together to form the SVC
The systemic blood leaves through the heart through 1 artery, it returns via 3 systemic veins to right atrium, what are they?
The superior vena cava, the inferior vena cave and the conronary sinus
What does the superior vena cava do?
The body can shunt blood between the deep & superficial
veins for body temperature control
What does the inferior vena cava do?
Receives most of the
blood from the body
inferior to the
diaphragm
What does the coronary sinus do?
Receives blood from
the heart
What are some examples of superficial veins
basilic vein, cephalic vein, dorsal venous arch and great saphenous vein
What are cells and cell fragments formed by?
erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC), platelets
Proteins fibres are dissolved, ground substance is liquid
What makes up a centrifuge tube
55% plasma = water and protiens, 1% buffy coat = leukocytes and platelets lastly, 44% erythrocytes
Summary of the journey of a red blood cell
erythrocytes are formed in red bone marrow
• circulate 120 days
• removed by liver & spleen
• components recycled
