Module 1 Lecture 3, there is a part 2 further down

Question 1

What are arteries?

Answer 1

They are vessels that carry blood away from the heart (mostly oxygenated)

Question 2

What are veins?

Answer 2

They are vessels that return blood towards the heart, mostly deoxygenated (vein=in)

Question 3

What are capillaries

Answer 3

Exchange of gases nutrients and waste products between blood and tissues

Question 4

Comparison of the walls of arteries, capillaries and veins 1) arteries

Answer 4

Arteries

• thicker tunica media
• smaller lumen
• muscular wall
• contain elastic lamellae
• tunica intima (simple squamous epithelium), tunica media ( circular arranged smooth muscle) , tunica externa ( connective tissue)

Question 5

Comparison of the walls of arteries, capillaries and veins 2) capillaries

Answer 5

capillaries only have tunica intima

Question 6

Comparison of the walls of arteries, capillaries and veins 3) Veins

Answer 6

Thicker tunica externa

• larger lumen
• tunica intima (simple squamous epithelium), tunica media ( circular arranged smooth muscle) , tunica externa ( connective tissue)

Question 7

How do the structures of arteries and veins reflect their function?

Answer 7

An artery keeps its shape as a lot of pressure is going through, the muscular wall is for resilience and there are elastin fibre, with veins they can easily collapse

Question 8

What are arteries desgined to withstand?

Answer 8

they are destined to withstand higher pressures than veins

Question 9

What is an elastic artery?

Answer 9

Elastic arteries are abundant with elastic laminae (elastin fibres) in the wall, it permits vessel walls to recoil to resist large pressure - they are able to expand and come back

Question 10

What are examples of elastic – they conduct!

Answer 10

pulmonary trunk, aorta, common carotid arteries, branchiocephalic trunk, subclavia arteries, common iliac arteries (basically the large major ones)

Question 11

What is a muscular artery?

Answer 11

A muscular artery is an artery which has an arterial wall dominated by smooth muscle –> medium sized arteries.

Question 12

Examples of muscular artery- Distributing!

Answer 12

• external carotid arteries

- arteries of the limbs –> branchial arteries and femoral arteries

Question 13

Where is the site of exchange?

Answer 13

The exchange of materials between the blood and body can occur at the level of capillaries

Question 14

Order?

Answer 14

Arteries –> arterioles –> capillaries –> venules and veins

Question 15

What do small and medium veins contain?

Answer 15

Small and medium veins contain valves

Question 16

Where are these infolds found?

Answer 16

Infolds of the tunica intima create valves to ensure unidirectional flow of blood –> folds make vavles –> no backflow

Question 17

Describe the low pressure pump?

Answer 17

Pulmonary circulation!
2 arteries and 2 veins 
•Right ventricle pumps into
•Pulmonary trunk
•1 left & 1 right pulmonary
artery carry oxygen poor
(deoxygenated) blood to each
lung
•2 left & 2 right pulmonary veins
from each lung carry oxygen rich
(oxygenated) blood to the left
atrium

Question 18

Lable the low pressure pump diagram

Question 19

Lable the different arteries

Question 20

What are the major different arteries

Answer 20

1) Ascending aorta (heart), 2)the arch of aorta (head, neck and upper limbs), 3) descending thoracic aorta (thorax and lungs) 4) Decending abdominal aorta (abdominal organs) 5) common iliac arteries 6) internal iliac artery (pelvic organs) and external iliac artery (lower limbs)

Question 21

Where do all systemic circuation branch from?

Answer 21

all systemic arteries branch from the aorta

Question 22

Where do the 2 coronary arteries originate?

Answer 22

the 2 coronary arteries originate at the base of the ascending aorta

Question 23

What happens during ventricular diastole?

Answer 23

During ventricular diastole, the blood flows backward in the ascending aorta,
closing the aortic valve and flowing into the coronary arteries.

Question 24

Label the 2 coronary arteries

Question 25

What 3 arteries orignate from the arch?

Answer 25

1. brachiocephalic trunk (branches into the right common carotid & right subclavian arteries)
2. left common carotid artery
3. left subclavian artery
   They supply the head, neck, shoulders, upper limbs & thoracic wall

Question 26

Label the origns of the common arteries

Question 27

What are deep veins?

Answer 27

Usually accompany the arteries and share similar names

• Some exceptions

Question 28

What are superficial veins?

Answer 28

They are veins that sit below the skin

Question 29

How does the body control temperature?

Answer 29

The body can shunt blood between the deep & superficial

veins for body temperature control

Question 30

Label the jugular veins

Answer 30

–

Question 31

What is the brachiocephalic veins made up of?

Answer 31

Left and right brachiocephalic veins are formed from the joining ofr the subclavian vein and internal jugular vein, the joint together to form the SVC

Question 32

The systemic blood leaves through the heart through 1 artery, it returns via 3 systemic veins to right atrium, what are they?

Answer 32

The superior vena cava, the inferior vena cave and the conronary sinus

Question 33

What does the superior vena cava do?

Answer 33

The body can shunt blood between the deep & superficial

veins for body temperature control

Question 34

What does the inferior vena cava do?

Answer 34

Receives most of the
blood from the body
inferior to the
diaphragm

Question 35

What does the coronary sinus do?

Answer 35

Receives blood from

the heart

Question 36

What are some examples of superficial veins

Answer 36

basilic vein, cephalic vein, dorsal venous arch and great saphenous vein

Question 37

What are cells and cell fragments formed by?

Answer 37

erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC), platelets

Proteins fibres are dissolved, ground substance is liquid

Question 38

What makes up a centrifuge tube

Answer 38

55% plasma = water and protiens, 1% buffy coat = leukocytes and platelets lastly, 44% erythrocytes

Question 39

Summary of the journey of a red blood cell

Answer 39

erythrocytes are formed in red bone marrow
• circulate 120 days
• removed by liver & spleen
• components recycled