Module 1 Lecture 3, there is a part 2 further down Flashcards

1
Q

What are arteries?

A

They are vessels that carry blood away from the heart (mostly oxygenated)

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2
Q

What are veins?

A

They are vessels that return blood towards the heart, mostly deoxygenated (vein=in)

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3
Q

What are capillaries

A

Exchange of gases nutrients and waste products between blood and tissues

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4
Q

Comparison of the walls of arteries, capillaries and veins 1) arteries

A

Arteries

  • thicker tunica media
  • smaller lumen
  • muscular wall
  • contain elastic lamellae
  • tunica intima (simple squamous epithelium), tunica media ( circular arranged smooth muscle) , tunica externa ( connective tissue)
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5
Q

Comparison of the walls of arteries, capillaries and veins 2) capillaries

A

capillaries only have tunica intima

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6
Q

Comparison of the walls of arteries, capillaries and veins 3) Veins

A

Thicker tunica externa

  • larger lumen
  • tunica intima (simple squamous epithelium), tunica media ( circular arranged smooth muscle) , tunica externa ( connective tissue)
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7
Q

How do the structures of arteries and veins reflect their function?

A

An artery keeps its shape as a lot of pressure is going through, the muscular wall is for resilience and there are elastin fibre, with veins they can easily collapse

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8
Q

What are arteries desgined to withstand?

A

they are destined to withstand higher pressures than veins

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9
Q

What is an elastic artery?

A

Elastic arteries are abundant with elastic laminae (elastin fibres) in the wall, it permits vessel walls to recoil to resist large pressure - they are able to expand and come back

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10
Q

What are examples of elastic – they conduct!

A

pulmonary trunk, aorta, common carotid arteries, branchiocephalic trunk, subclavia arteries, common iliac arteries (basically the large major ones)

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11
Q

What is a muscular artery?

A

A muscular artery is an artery which has an arterial wall dominated by smooth muscle –> medium sized arteries.

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12
Q

Examples of muscular artery- Distributing!

A
  • external carotid arteries

- arteries of the limbs –> branchial arteries and femoral arteries

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13
Q

Where is the site of exchange?

A

The exchange of materials between the blood and body can occur at the level of capillaries

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14
Q

Order?

A

Arteries –> arterioles –> capillaries –> venules and veins

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15
Q

What do small and medium veins contain?

A

Small and medium veins contain valves

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16
Q

Where are these infolds found?

A

Infolds of the tunica intima create valves to ensure unidirectional flow of blood –> folds make vavles –> no backflow

17
Q

Describe the low pressure pump?

A
Pulmonary circulation!
2 arteries and 2 veins 
•Right ventricle pumps into
•Pulmonary trunk
•1 left & 1 right pulmonary
artery carry oxygen poor
(deoxygenated) blood to each
lung
•2 left & 2 right pulmonary veins
from each lung carry oxygen rich
(oxygenated) blood to the left
atrium
18
Q

Lable the low pressure pump diagram

19
Q

Lable the different arteries

20
Q

What are the major different arteries

A

1) Ascending aorta (heart), 2)the arch of aorta (head, neck and upper limbs), 3) descending thoracic aorta (thorax and lungs) 4) Decending abdominal aorta (abdominal organs) 5) common iliac arteries 6) internal iliac artery (pelvic organs) and external iliac artery (lower limbs)

21
Q

Where do all systemic circuation branch from?

A

all systemic arteries branch from the aorta

22
Q

Where do the 2 coronary arteries originate?

A

the 2 coronary arteries originate at the base of the ascending aorta

23
Q

What happens during ventricular diastole?

A

During ventricular diastole, the blood flows backward in the ascending aorta,
closing the aortic valve and flowing into the coronary arteries.

24
Q

Label the 2 coronary arteries

25
What 3 arteries orignate from the arch?
1. brachiocephalic trunk (branches into the right common carotid & right subclavian arteries) 2. left common carotid artery 3. left subclavian artery They supply the head, neck, shoulders, upper limbs & thoracic wall
26
Label the origns of the common arteries
---
27
What are deep veins?
Usually accompany the arteries and share similar names | • Some exceptions
28
What are superficial veins?
They are veins that sit below the skin
29
How does the body control temperature?
The body can shunt blood between the deep & superficial | veins for body temperature control
30
Label the jugular veins
--
31
What is the brachiocephalic veins made up of?
Left and right brachiocephalic veins are formed from the joining ofr the subclavian vein and internal jugular vein, the joint together to form the SVC
32
The systemic blood leaves through the heart through 1 artery, it returns via 3 systemic veins to right atrium, what are they?
The superior vena cava, the inferior vena cave and the conronary sinus
33
What does the superior vena cava do?
The body can shunt blood between the deep & superficial | veins for body temperature control
34
What does the inferior vena cava do?
Receives most of the blood from the body inferior to the diaphragm
35
What does the coronary sinus do?
Receives blood from | the heart
36
What are some examples of superficial veins
basilic vein, cephalic vein, dorsal venous arch and great saphenous vein
37
What are cells and cell fragments formed by?
erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC), platelets | Proteins fibres are dissolved, ground substance is liquid
38
What makes up a centrifuge tube
55% plasma = water and protiens, 1% buffy coat = leukocytes and platelets lastly, 44% erythrocytes
39
Summary of the journey of a red blood cell
erythrocytes are formed in red bone marrow • circulate 120 days • removed by liver & spleen • components recycled