module 2 lecture 1

Question 1

blood represents..

Answer 1

t 8 percent of
total body weight
* Average volume:
* 5 liters in women with packed
cell volume (hematocrit) of 42%
* 5.5 liters in men with hematocrit
of 45

Question 2

what does blood consist of

Answer 2

• Consists of three types of
  specialized cellular elements
  suspended in plasma (liquid
  portion of blood):
• Erythrocytes: Red blood
  cells; important in O2
  transport
• Leukocytes: White blood
  cells; immune system’s
  mobile defense units
• Platelets (thrombocytes): Cell fragments; Important in
  hemostasis

Question 3

psychological roles are

Answer 3

Carrying: (oxygen,
nutrients, hormones,
metabolic wastes,
heat…)
* Regulation: (body
temperature, pH…)
* Protection: (clotting,
immunoglobulins…)

Question 4

plasma

Answer 4

contains water, electrolytes, and nuterients, waste etc.

Question 5

plasma protiens

Answer 5

In general, exert an osmotic effect important in the distribution of the ECF between the
vascular and interstitial compartments; buffer pH changes

Question 6

Albumins

Answer 6

Transport many substances; contribute most to colloid osmotic pressure
non specific

Question 7

Globulins

Answer 7

Alpha and beta Transport many water-insoluble substances; include clotting factors and inactive precursor
molecules (specific)

Gamma (Y) Are antibodies

Question 8

Fibrinogen

Answer 8

is an inactive precursor for a clot’s fibrin meshwork

Question 9

Erythrocytes

Answer 9

aka rbc
* shape and content ideally suited to
carry out their primary function
transporting O2 (H+ and CO2 to a
lesser extent

Question 10

Bioconcave disc

Answer 10

• Provides larger surface area for
  diffusion of O2 across the
  membrane
• Thinness of cell enables O2 to
  diffuse rapidly between the
  exterior and innermost regions of
  the cell
• Great flexibility of the plasma
  membrane (diameter 8 µm into
  3 µm capillaries!

Question 11

Hemoglobin

Answer 11

found only in rbc
pigmented containing iron and look reddish when it’s oxygenated and bluish when deoxygenated.

Question 12

Hb roles

Answer 12

Primary role is to carry O2: Each Hb molecule can transport 4
O2 molecules
* O2 is poorly soluble in water 98.5% of O2 is carried in the
blood bound to Hb
* A single RBC is stuffed with more than 250 million Hb
molecules! So it can carry more than a billion O2 molecules

Question 13

Nitric oxide (NO2

Answer 13

Vasodilator (In lungs, NO relaxes and
dilates the local arterioles O2-rich blood can make its vital
rounds; stabilizes blood pressure)

Question 14

mature rbc

Answer 14

don’t contain nucleus organelles or ribosomes.
instead have key enzyme glycolytic enzymes.
necessary for generating energy needed to fuel active
transport mechanisms involved in maintaining proper
ionic concentrations within cell
* Rely entirely on glycolysis for ATP formation (no
mitochondria)

Question 15

Carbonic anhydrase

Answer 15

key enzyme
* Critical in CO2 transport
* Catalyzes reaction that ultimately leads to conversion of
metabolically produced CO2 into bicarbonate ion (HCO3
−)
Primary form in which CO2 is transported in blood (in
addition to being bound to Hb