lecture 6

Question 1

Inflammation

Answer 1

Innate, nonspecific response to
tissue injury
* Recruitment of phagocytes to
invaded or injured area
* Isolate, destroy, or
inactivate the invaders
* Remove debris
* Prepare for subsequent
healing and repair

Question 2

inflamation steps

Answer 2

• Initiated by resident tissue
  macrophages release cytokines
  and chemokines
• Mast cells are activated release
  histamine
• Localized vasodilation
• Increased capillary permeability
• Localized edema
• Walling-off the inflamed area
  Emigration (recruitment) of
  leukocytes = neutrophils and
  monocytes

Question 3

Cytokines

Answer 3

Kill microbes directly
* Several chemicals (i.e., interleukin (IL)- 1 and 6, TNF) bring
about a diverse array of effects
* EP (endogenous pyrogen) induces fever in the body
* Decrease plasma concentration of iron
* Stimulate release of acute phase proteins (e.g. CRP)
* Trigger clotting and anticlotting systems

Question 4

goal of inflamation

Answer 4

Tissue Repair:
* Cell division replaces lost cells with same kind of cells
* In non-regenerative tissue (nerve and muscle)
* Lost cells are replaced with scar tissue
Interferons Interferons: Antiviral effects (indirect) limit viral spread

Question 5

Complement System

Answer 5

Nonspecific response
* Composed of plasma proteins that are
produced by the liver and circulate in
inactive form
* Three mechanisms of activation:
1. Spontaneous activation on microbial
surfaces
2. Binding to carbohydrate chains
present on surfaces of microorganisms
Copyright © Garland Science 2015
3. Activation by antibody binding to antigens on pathogens
* Causes destruction of pathogen by two mechanisms:
1. Forms membrane attack complexes (MAC) that punch holes in the
pathogen
2. Enhances the uptake of the pathogen by phagocytes (opsonization)

Question 6

Dendritic Cell

Answer 6

Immature DC in tissue have
very high ability to internalize
particles (macropinocytosis)
* Professional APC
* Encounter with pathogen
causes maturation of DC
Mature DC