module 2 key terms Flashcards
the subject of a speech
topic
method of generating ideas by free association of words and thoughts
brainstorming
the broad goal of a speech
general purpose
single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his or her speech
specific purpose
a one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the major ideas of a speech
central idea
what a speaker wants the audience to remember after they have forgotten everything else in a speech
residual message
question that the audience answers mentally rather than aloud
rhetorical question
the audience’s perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic
credibility
the audience’s perception of whether the speaker has the best interests of the audience in mind
goodwill
statement in the introduction of a speech that identifies the main points to be discussed in the body
preview statement
conclusion in which the speech builds to a zenith of power and intensity
crescendo ending
conclusion that generates emotional appeal by fading step by step to a dramatic final statement
dissolve ending
a detailed outline developed during the process of speech preparation that includes the title, specific purpose, central idea, introduction, main points, subpoints, connectives, conclusion, and bibliography of a speech
preparation outline
the pattern of symbolization and indentation in a speech outline that shows the relationships among the speaker’s ideas
visual framework
a list of all the sources used in preparing a speech
bibliography
a brief outline used to jog a speaker’s memory during the presentation of a speech
speaking outline
directions in a speaking outline to help a speaker remember how she or he wants to deliver key parts of the speech
delivery cues
communication based on a person’s use of voice and body, rather than on the use of words
nonverbal communication
a speech that is written out word for word and read to the audience
manuscript speech
a speech delivered with little or no immediate preparation
impromptu speech
a carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes
extemporaneous speech
presenting a speech so it sounds spontaneous no matter how many times it has been rehearsed
conversational quality
the loudness or softness of the speaker’s voice
volume
the highness or lowness of the speaker’s voice
pitch
changes in the pitch or tone of a speaker’s voice
inflections
a constant pitch or tone of voice
monotone
the speed at which a person speaks
rate
a momentary break in the vocal delivery of a speech
pause
a pause that occurs when a speaker fills the silence between words with vocalizations such as “uh,” “er,” and “um.”
vocalized pause
changes in a speaker’s rate, pitch, and volume that give the voice variety and expressiveness
vocal variety
the accepted standard of sound and rhythm for words in a given language
pronunciation
the physical production of particular speech sounds
articulation
a variety of language distinguished by variations of accent, grammar, or vocabulary
dialect
the study of body motions as a systematic mode of communication
kinesics
motions of a speaker’s hands or arms during a speech
gestures
direct visual contact with the eyes of another person
eye contact
a visual aid used to show statistical trends and patterns
graph
a graph that uses one or more lines to show changes in statistics over time or space
line graph
a graph that highlights segments of a circle to show simple distribution patterns
pie graph
a graph that uses vertical or horizontal bars to show comparisons among two or more items
bar graph
a visual aid that summarizes a large block of information, usually in list form
chart
a complete set of types of the same design
font
