module 2 key terms

Question 1

the subject of a speech

Answer 1

topic

Question 2

method of generating ideas by free association of words and thoughts

Answer 2

brainstorming

Question 3

the broad goal of a speech

Answer 3

general purpose

Question 4

single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his or her speech

Answer 4

specific purpose

Question 5

a one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the major ideas of a speech

Answer 5

central idea

Question 6

what a speaker wants the audience to remember after they have forgotten everything else in a speech

Answer 6

residual message

Question 7

question that the audience answers mentally rather than aloud

Answer 7

rhetorical question

Question 8

the audience’s perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic

Answer 8

credibility

Question 9

the audience’s perception of whether the speaker has the best interests of the audience in mind

Answer 9

goodwill

Question 10

statement in the introduction of a speech that identifies the main points to be discussed in the body

Answer 10

preview statement

Question 11

conclusion in which the speech builds to a zenith of power and intensity

Answer 11

crescendo ending

Question 12

conclusion that generates emotional appeal by fading step by step to a dramatic final statement

Answer 12

dissolve ending

Question 13

a detailed outline developed during the process of speech preparation that includes the title, specific purpose, central idea, introduction, main points, subpoints, connectives, conclusion, and bibliography of a speech

Answer 13

preparation outline

Question 14

the pattern of symbolization and indentation in a speech outline that shows the relationships among the speaker’s ideas

Answer 14

visual framework

Question 15

a list of all the sources used in preparing a speech

Answer 15

bibliography

Question 16

a brief outline used to jog a speaker’s memory during the presentation of a speech

Answer 16

speaking outline

Question 17

directions in a speaking outline to help a speaker remember how she or he wants to deliver key parts of the speech

Answer 17

delivery cues

Question 18

communication based on a person’s use of voice and body, rather than on the use of words

Answer 18

nonverbal communication

Question 19

a speech that is written out word for word and read to the audience

Answer 19

manuscript speech

Question 20

a speech delivered with little or no immediate preparation

Answer 20

impromptu speech

Question 21

a carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes

Answer 21

extemporaneous speech

Question 22

presenting a speech so it sounds spontaneous no matter how many times it has been rehearsed

Answer 22

conversational quality

Question 23

the loudness or softness of the speaker’s voice

Answer 23

volume

Question 24

the highness or lowness of the speaker’s voice

Answer 24

pitch

Question 25

changes in the pitch or tone of a speaker’s voice

Answer 25

inflections

Question 26

a constant pitch or tone of voice

Answer 26

monotone

Question 27

the speed at which a person speaks

Answer 27

rate

Question 28

a momentary break in the vocal delivery of a speech

Answer 28

pause

Question 29

a pause that occurs when a speaker fills the silence between words with vocalizations such as “uh,” “er,” and “um.”

Answer 29

vocalized pause

Question 30

changes in a speaker’s rate, pitch, and volume that give the voice variety and expressiveness

Answer 30

vocal variety

Question 31

the accepted standard of sound and rhythm for words in a given language

Answer 31

pronunciation

Question 32

the physical production of particular speech sounds

Answer 32

articulation

Question 33

a variety of language distinguished by variations of accent, grammar, or vocabulary

Answer 33

dialect

Question 34

the study of body motions as a systematic mode of communication

Answer 34

kinesics

Question 35

motions of a speaker’s hands or arms during a speech

Answer 35

gestures

Question 36

direct visual contact with the eyes of another person

Answer 36

eye contact

Question 37

a visual aid used to show statistical trends and patterns

Answer 37

graph

Question 38

a graph that uses one or more lines to show changes in statistics over time or space

Answer 38

line graph

Question 39

a graph that highlights segments of a circle to show simple distribution patterns

Answer 39

pie graph

Question 40

a graph that uses vertical or horizontal bars to show comparisons among two or more items

Answer 40

bar graph

Question 41

a visual aid that summarizes a large block of information, usually in list form

Answer 41

chart

Question 42

a complete set of types of the same design

Answer 42

font