module 2 Flashcards
a method of generating ideas for speech topics by free association of words and ideas
brainstorming
when your general purpose is to ________, you act as a teacher or lecturer
inform
when you want to change or structure the attitudes of your audience, your general purpose is to _______
persuade
a single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in her or his speech
specific purpose statement
a one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the main points of a speech
central idea
t or f: the central idea of a speech is usually formulated before the specific purpose
false, the central idea is usually formulated after the specific purpose
identify the flaw in the following specific purpose statement: “Why should the university raise tuition?”
its expressed as a question, a specific purpose statement should always be expressed as a statement
identify the flaw in the following specific purpose statement: “To persuade my audience that our state legislature should protect Internet privacy and increase spending for education.”
it contains two unrelated ideas
identify the flaw in the following central idea for a speech: “Something should be done about rising sea levels.”
it’s too vague
t or f: although the specific purpose statement for a speech should not be phrased as a question, it is acceptable to phrase the central idea as a question
false
what a speaker wants the audience to remember after they have forgotten everything else in a speech
residual message
t or f: the central idea for a speech should be stated as a full sentence
true
research has demonstrated that visual aids, when used well, can increase a speaker’s
clarity, confidence, and credibility
t or f: using visual aids can help a speaker combat stage fright
true
what is a major factor to consider when deciding whether to use an object as a visual aid?
its size, some are too large and some are too small
If you want to use a photograph as a visual aid for a speech, your textbook recommends that you
show the photograph to the audience by using presentation technology
t or f: a pie graph should ideally have from two to five segments
true
if you were delivering a speech about unemployment and wanted to show changes in the unemployment rate over the last decade, you should use a ____________ graph
line
t or f: it is crucial to fit all the information you want your audience to retain on a single chart
false, charts must be uncluttered and easy to read so if you can’t fit it all on one chart, make another one
t or f: distributing handouts is usually an excellent way to present visual aids during a speech
false, presentation technology is almost always more effective than handouts
t or f: when delivering a speech, you should display visual aids only while discussing them
true
t or f: one advantage of using video in a speech is that it involves less work than other kinds of visual aids
false, using a video requires a great deal of time and effort
t or f: when preparing charts and graphs, you should use a large number of colors in order to grab your audience’s attention
false, charts and graphs contain a limited number of colors
t or f: when preparing a visual aid, you should use ALL CAPS because it is easier to read
false, it has been shown that all caps are harder to read than normal text
t or f: you should usually work out the exact wording of the introduction after you have finished preparing the body of your speech
true
as your textbook explains, even when you use other interest-arousing lures in a speech introduction, you should always ____________.
relate the topic to the audience
type of speech conclusion that generations emotional appeal by fading step by step to a dramatic final statement
dissolve ending
identifies the main points to be discussed in the body of the speech
preview statement
t or f: the conclusion should normally make up about 20 to 25 percent of your speech
false, it should take up no more than 5 to 10 percent of your speech
the audience’s perception of whether the speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic
credibility
an excellent way to give your speech psychological unity is to conclude by
referring to ideas in the introduction
ending where the speech builds force until it reaches a zenith of power and intensity
crescendo ending
when you advocate a highly unpopular position, it is particularly important to ____________ in the introduction of your speech
establish goodwill toward the audience
a direct appeal to your audience for action is most appropriate in the conclusion of a(n) ____________ speech
persuasive
question that the audience answers mentally rather than out loud
rhetorical question
the audience’s perception of whether the speaker has the best interests of the audience in mind
goodwill
usually the last element of a speech introduction and provides a smooth lead-in to the body of the speech
preview statement
a detailed outline developed during the planning stage of a speech
preparation
a preparation outline should include…
a bibliography, specific purpose statement, central idea, and connectives
the pattern of symbolization and indentation in a speech outline shows the ____________ of the speech
visual framework
t or f: in a preparation outline, the most important ideas are placed farthest to the left and the less important ideas are placed progressively farther to the right
true
t or f: in a preparation outline, you should state your main points in brief phrases
false, you should state your main points in full sentences to ensure you develop your ideas fully
list of the sources used in preparing a speech
bibliography
t or f: when selecting a title for your speech, you should avoid phrasing it as a question
false
a brief outline used to jog a speaker’s memory during the presentation of a speech
speaking outline
when preparing a speaking outline, you should…
give yourself cues for delivering the speech
t or f: in a preparation outline, main points are identified by capital letters
false, main points are identified by Roman numerals, subpoints are capital letters
t or f: in a preparation outline, main points and subpoints should be written as full sentences
true
in a speaking outline, words such as “pause,” “faster here,” and “slow down” are ____________ that help a speaker remember how she or he wants to present key parts of the speech
delivery cues
a speech title should…
be brief, encapsulate the main thrust of your speech, and attract the attention of your audience
t or f: good delivery does not call attention to itself
true, good delivery communicates the speaker’s ideas without calling attention to itself or distracting the audience
communication based on a person’s use of voice and body rather than on the use of words
nonverbal communication
when accuracy is essential and a speech must be delivered word for word, ____________ delivery is most appropriate
manuscript
speech delivered with little or no immediate preparation
impromptu
the lowness and highness of a speaker’s voice
pitch
the changes in the pitch or tone of a speaker’s voice
inflections
changes in a speaker’s rate, pitch, and volume are referred to as…
vocal variety
sloppy ____________ is the failure to form particular speech sounds crisply and distinctly
articulation
violating the accepted standard of sound and rhythm for words in a given language is an error in ____________
pronunciation
variety of a language distinguished by variations of accent, grammar, or vocabulary
dialect
upon reaching the lectern to start a speech, you should…
make eye contact with your listeners
t or f: the primary rule of using gestures in a speech is to gesture frequently and emphatically so that listeners notice what you are doing
false, whatever gestures you make shouldn’t draw attention to themselves or distract from your message
t or f: “Conversational quality” refers to speech delivery that sounds spontaneous no matter how many times it has been rehearsed
true
t or f: the best rate for effective public speaking is 110 words per minute
false, there is no uniform rate for effective public speaking
as Mark Twain noted, “The right word may be effective, but no word was ever as effective as a rightly timed ____________Blank.”
pause
