module 1 Flashcards
t or f: public speaking has been taught and studied for thousands of years
true
_____________ is anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience
stage fright
_____________ is controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for his or her presentation
positive nervousness
t or f: listeners usually realize how tense a speaker is
false
t or f: public speaking and ordinary conversation are similar in that both involve adapting to listener feedback
true
seeing the relationships among ideas, judging the credibility of statements, and assessing the soundness of evidence are all a part of ____________
critical thinking
the messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker are called _____________
feedback
the knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes through which each listener filters a message make up the listeners __________
frame of reference
t or f: most successful speakers do not experience stage fright
false
____________ is mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful presentation
visualization
t or f: because each person has a different frame of reference, the meaning of a message will never be exactly the same to a listener as to a speaker
true
anything that impedes the communication of a message
interference
a belief that one’s own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures
ethnocentrism
what should speakers do to avoid ethnocentrism?
show respect for the cultures of the people they address
t or f: speechmaking becomes more complex as cultural diversity increases
true
while listening to a speech about gun control, Scott thought back to his experiences as an intern with the police department and decided that the speaker was knowledgeable about the subject; what was Scott doing?
filtering the message through his frame of reference
how can you help deal with nervousness in your speeches?
work especially hard on your speech introduction
what are the two major steps discussed in chapter four for developing the introductory speech?
preparing and delivering
when organizing your introductory speech, you should divide it into what three sections?
introduction, body, and conclusion
what method of delivery does this chapter recommend for your introductory speech?
extemporaneous method of speaking
a carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes
extemporaneous speech
practice a lot, rehearse your speech out loud to master the content, ask friends or family to listen and give you constructive feedback, and time the speech to make sure it is neither too short nor too long
steps to take when rehearsing your first speech
what five elements of speech delivery are discussed in Chapter 4 in regards to speech delivery?
starting your speech, gestures, eye contact, voice, and dealing with nerves
t or f: presenting a speech online is more challenging and time-consuming than delivering an in-person speech
true
t or f: in an online speech you have essentially the same relationship with your audience as in an in-person speech
false, you have a fundamentally different relationship when online than in-person
t or f: because of the dynamic nature of the online environment, speakers can rest assured that the audience will pay close attention to their online speech
false, because of the dynamic nature of an online environment, speakers need to realize the number of potential distractions that threaten to divert the audience’s attention
the two major kinds of speeches discussed in chapter 19 are __________ online speeches and __________ online speeches
recorded, real-time
a ________ online speech is created for an audience that will view it online as it is being delivered, often using software designed specifically for that purpose
real-time
a __________ online speech may be viewed initially by an in-person audience, but it is designed ultimately to be uploaded for viewing on the Internet—as, for example, in a TED Talk
recorded
what is included in your textbook as a guideline for effective online speaking?
control the visual environment, adapt your nonverbal communication, adjust your pacing
the __________ refers to the onscreen elements seen by the audience during an online speech
visual environment
__________ are discussed in your textbook as elements of the visual environment for online speeches
framing, eye contact, and lighting
t or f: audience analysis is less important for online speeches than for speeches delivered to an audience that is physically present
false, it’s just as important online as it is with an audience that is physically present
t or f: when giving an online presentation, you should speak with your back to a window so there will be plenty of light
false, avoid giving online speeches with your back to a window because it will illuminate what is behind you rather than your face
for real-time online speeches, you should usually sit…
2-4 feet from the camera, so the audience can see you from the chest up
t or f: when you give a real-time online speech, you should position the webcam so it is tilted up at your face
false, the webcam should be positioned so that it is directly pointed at you or is tilted slightly downward
t or f: online speakers should avoid using visual aids
false, visual aids are recommended for online speakers because they vary the pace of a speech and keep the audience engaged
t or f: one of the challenges facing real-time online speakers is that they must learn a software program designed for such speeches—and be able to operate it flawlessly during the speech
true
to whom am I speaking?; what do I want them to know, believe, do?; what is the most effective way of accomplishing that?
examples of audience-centered questions
