module 1 key terms Flashcards
anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience
stage fright
a hormone released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress
adrenaline
controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for her or his presentation
positive nervousness
mental imaging in which speakers vividly picture themselves giving a successful presentation
visualization
focused, organized thinking about such things as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence, and the differences between fact and opinion
critical thinking
the person who is presenting an oral message to a listener
speaker
whatever a speaker communicates to someone else
message
the means by which a message is communicated
channel
the person who receives the speaker’s message
listener
the sum of a person’s knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes
frame of reference
the messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker
feedback
anything that impedes the communication of a message. Interference can be external or internal to listeners
interference
the time and place in which speech communication occurs
situation
belief that one’s own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures
ethnocentrism
speech early in the term designed to get students speaking in front of the class as soon as possible
ice breaker speech
method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern
chronological order
method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics
topical order
the major points developed in the body of a speech
main points
word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another
transition
carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes
extemporaneous speech
motions of a speaker’s hands or arms during a speech
gestures
direct visual contact with the eyes of another person
eye contact
keeping the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech preparation and presentation
audience-centeredness
tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values, beliefs, and well-being
egocentrism
audience analysis that focuses on demographic factors such as age; religion; racial, ethnic, and cultural background; gender identity and sexual orientation; group membership; and the like
demographic audience analysis
creating an oversimplified image of a particular group of people, usually by assuming that all members of the group are alike
stereotyping
audience analysis that focuses on situational factors such as the size of the audience, the physical setting for the speech, and the disposition of the audience toward the topic, the speaker, and the occasion
situational audience analysis
frame of mind in favor of or opposed to a person, policy, belief, institution, etc.
attitude
questions that offer a fixed choice between two or more alternatives
fixed-alternative questions
questions that require responses at fixed intervals along a scale of answers
scale questions
questions that allow respondents to answer however they want
open-ended questions
the elements of Internet communication that influence an online speech, including the remote audience, factors of technology, and unique forms of interference
online environment
speech that is delivered, recorded, and then uploaded to the Internet
recorded online speech
speech that has been created specifically for an audience that will view it online as it is being delivered
real-time online speech
on-screen elements that are seen by the audience during an online speech
visual environment
visual layout for online speeches that displays the speaker and visual aids side-by-side
concurrent view
