module 1 key terms

Question 1

anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience

Answer 1

stage fright

Question 2

a hormone released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress

Answer 2

adrenaline

Question 3

controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for her or his presentation

Answer 3

positive nervousness

Question 4

mental imaging in which speakers vividly picture themselves giving a successful presentation

Answer 4

visualization

Question 5

focused, organized thinking about such things as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence, and the differences between fact and opinion

Answer 5

critical thinking

Question 6

the person who is presenting an oral message to a listener

Answer 6

speaker

Question 7

whatever a speaker communicates to someone else

Answer 7

message

Question 8

the means by which a message is communicated

Answer 8

channel

Question 9

the person who receives the speaker’s message

Answer 9

listener

Question 10

the sum of a person’s knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes

Answer 10

frame of reference

Question 11

the messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker

Answer 11

feedback

Question 12

anything that impedes the communication of a message. Interference can be external or internal to listeners

Answer 12

interference

Question 13

the time and place in which speech communication occurs

Answer 13

situation

Question 14

belief that one’s own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures

Answer 14

ethnocentrism

Question 15

speech early in the term designed to get students speaking in front of the class as soon as possible

Answer 15

ice breaker speech

Question 16

method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern

Answer 16

chronological order

Question 17

method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics

Answer 17

topical order

Question 18

the major points developed in the body of a speech

Answer 18

main points

Question 19

word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another

Answer 19

transition

Question 20

carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes

Answer 20

extemporaneous speech

Question 21

motions of a speaker’s hands or arms during a speech

Answer 21

gestures

Question 22

direct visual contact with the eyes of another person

Answer 22

eye contact

Question 23

keeping the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech preparation and presentation

Answer 23

audience-centeredness

Question 24

tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values, beliefs, and well-being

Answer 24

egocentrism

Question 25

audience analysis that focuses on demographic factors such as age; religion; racial, ethnic, and cultural background; gender identity and sexual orientation; group membership; and the like

Answer 25

demographic audience analysis

Question 26

creating an oversimplified image of a particular group of people, usually by assuming that all members of the group are alike

Answer 26

stereotyping

Question 27

audience analysis that focuses on situational factors such as the size of the audience, the physical setting for the speech, and the disposition of the audience toward the topic, the speaker, and the occasion

Answer 27

situational audience analysis

Question 28

frame of mind in favor of or opposed to a person, policy, belief, institution, etc.

Answer 28

attitude

Question 29

questions that offer a fixed choice between two or more alternatives

Answer 29

fixed-alternative questions

Question 30

questions that require responses at fixed intervals along a scale of answers

Answer 30

scale questions

Question 31

questions that allow respondents to answer however they want

Answer 31

open-ended questions

Question 32

the elements of Internet communication that influence an online speech, including the remote audience, factors of technology, and unique forms of interference

Answer 32

online environment

Question 33

speech that is delivered, recorded, and then uploaded to the Internet

Answer 33

recorded online speech

Question 34

speech that has been created specifically for an audience that will view it online as it is being delivered

Answer 34

real-time online speech

Question 35

on-screen elements that are seen by the audience during an online speech

Answer 35

visual environment

Question 36

visual layout for online speeches that displays the speaker and visual aids side-by-side

Answer 36

concurrent view