Module 2 Craniocervical Canine Flashcards
Cranial listings
rostral mandible
TMJ right or left
TMJ traction
facial lift - not an adjusting technique
signs indicating cranial subluxations
rufusal to eat hard food or treats not wanting to play with chew toys decrease in bite work in working breeds abnormal alignment of teeth or jaw pain in TMJ popping or clicking when jaw is opened and closed salivating change in attitude
Rostral Mandible
SCP - the mentum and both sides of the mandible
CP - wrap fingers around the chin and open mouth slightly
ST - stand behind the animal
STAB - contact the base of the skull with the opposite hand
LOC - SI slight AP, cock it like a pump shotgun
TMJ Left or Right
SCP - ramus of the mandible on the side of the laterality just below the mandibular condyle
CP - guarded thumb (or thenar eminence) on the side of laterality
ST - adjuster is standing behind the animal or on the side of laterality
STAB - zygomatic arch and ramus of the mandible on the opposite side
LOC - L-M
be aware of the dogs mouth
TMJ traction
SCP - bilateral angles of the mandible
CP - thenar eminence of both hands, jaw is cupped in both hands
ST - adjuster stands behind the animal
STAB - maintained by the weight of the head
LOC - PA IS, gentle traction is applied along the ramus of the mandible
for TMJ issues strip the masseter m.
Facial Lift
SCP - lateral edges of the bilateral facial bones just caudal to lateral canthus of the eye
CP - tips of fingers
ST - adjuster may stand in front of or behind the dog
STAB - supplied by the weight of the head
LOC - AP, gently lift the bones away from the rest of the skull
patient may exhibit head pressing, ducked head, squinting, helps relax the dog
Signs indicating upper cervical subluxations
Cervical pain - these dogs sometimes scream in pain Decreased ROM in cervical spine Head tilt Ear sensitivity, ear infections Head shaking, flopping ears leg length differences that will change with lateral flexion of the neck forelimb lameness changes in attitude
Occiput Superior Right or Left
SCP - posterior occiput on side of the superiority
CP - thumb. Forearm is in plane ofLOC. Use opposite hand to cup animals head. Slightly Laterally flex and slightly extend head to the side of the superiority. Important to elevate and laterally flex the head
ST - adjuster in front of the animal
STAB - stabilization is inherent in 2 handed contact
LOC - PA, SI, LM - 2 handed thrust - 70/30 with 70% on side of superiority
SOT muscles tight on the side of the superiority
Fixation and/or restricted motion of joints of the atlas and occiput
Cervical facet angles
45 degrees
Atlas Superior
SCP - bilateral wing of the atlas
CP - thumbs on the dorsal surfaces of atlas wings and fingers on ventral surfaces
ST - adjuster is beside animal facing the same way
STAB - you must have the handler hold the muzzle of the dog, to prevent ventral flexion of the head/neck when you adjust
LOC - PA, SI - torque to move atlas ventral tubercle inferior
difference bilaterally in atlas to mandible space
decreased space between the atlas and the occiput
dog will resist lowering nose
SOT muscles tight on side of superiority
Fixation and restricted motion of joints of atlas and occiput
Occiput Superior Left or Right
Difference bilaterally in atlas to mandible space
Decreased space between the atlas and the occiput
Dog will resist lowering nose
Atlas Superior
Dog resists lowering the nose
Atlas Superior
Atlas Inferior
SCP - bilateral wings of the atlas
CP - thumbs on the dorsal surfaces of atlas wings and fingers on ventral surfaces
ST - adjuster is beside animal facing the same way
STAB - handler holding muzzle to prevent extension
LOC - AP IS - torque to move atlas anterior tubercle superior
Increased joint space between the occiput adn the atlas
dog will resist raising the head
Atlas Inferior
dog resists raising the head
atlas inferior
Atlas Superior Right or Left
SCP - cranial margin of wing of atlas on the side of superiority
CP - hooked index finger, grasp the cranial margin
ST - adjuster is on the OPPOSITE side of teh animal as the superiority. Forearm is in the plane of LOC crossing midline approx 45 degrees. Laterally flex the head and neck to side of subluxation
STAB - stabilization is maintained with a hand on the opposite occiput
LOC - SI LM
difference unilaterally in atlas to mandible space
Atlas Superior Left or Right
Atlas Posterior Left or Right
SCP - dorsal aspect of the atlas wing on the side of posteriority
CP - supported thumb or web of hand contact. Forearm should be perpendicular to the flat plane of teh wing of atlas
ST - adjuster is on the OPPOSITE side of the animal as the listing
STAB - maintained with the contact on the opposite occiput and laterally flex head slightly toward the side of subluxation and rotate the skull to bring joint to tension
LOC - PA
Signs indicating lower cervical subluxations
decreased ROM of C spine, flexion and extension dog will not track correctly performance problems rear limb ataxia decreased forelimb extension fore limb lameness dropped shoulder muscle spasms behavior changes
Cervical Body Right or Left
SCP - lamina pedicle junction
CP - lateral aspect of index finger on the side of the rotation
ST - stand on opposite side and behind the dog
STAB - maintained by bringing the joint to tension. Laterally flex neck to the side of subluxations (body rotation). Lower C spine will require more lateral flexion to achieve tension. Additional stabilization may be added by having an assistant rotate the neck so that the animal’s nose points opposite the side of rotation
LOC - LM 45 degrees to the spine, PA IS 45 degrees to the spine
Posterior Cervical Technique
SCP - bilateral cervical lamina
CP - thumb and knuckled forefinger, v trough
ST - adjuster is beside or behind the dog
STAB - place opposite hand on the ventral neck avoiding the trachea. Slight head extension to bring joint to tension
LOC - PA IS about 45 degrees, slight superior scoop at the end
Theory is that cervical traction will
open up the IVD space allowing the displaced nuclear material to move back toward the center of the disc
Cervical Traction
Grasp head firmly, have assistant hold shoulders firmly
traction spine in cranial direction in axial plane line of the spinal column
hold at tension for 5-6 seconds and then release slowly
