Module 2 - Brain Anatomy (better version) Flashcards
functions of the forebrain
complex cognitive functions (thinking, planning and language)
principle forebrain stuctures
basal ganglia, cerebrum, and limbic system
functions of the cerebrum
creates reality, perceptual organization, and motor planning
functions of the basal ganglia
voluntary movement and sensory guided movement
functions of the limbic system
emotion and memory
functions of the diencephalon
the between brain
integrates sensory and motor information on way to xortex
principal structures of diencephalon
hypothalamus and thalamus
purpose of the thalamus
relays sensory information to the cortex
purpose of the hypothalamus
homeostasis (temperature regulation)
hormone regulation
eating and drinking
involved with pituitary gland
purpose of the midbrain
central part of the brain
controls neural circuits for hearing, seeing, and orienting movements
principal structures of the midbrain
tectum and tegmentum
purpose of the tectum
audio/visual related orienting movements
purpose of the tegmentum
voluntary movements
purpose of the hindbrain
oldest part of brain
lots of life sustaining behaviour
principal structures of hindbrain
cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata, and reticular formation
purpose of the cerebellum
finely coordinated (ballistic) movements
purpose of the pons
bridge between cortex and the cerebellum
contains substructures that perform vital body movements
purpose of the medulla oblongata
vital functions (respiratory and cardiovascular)
purpose of the reticular formation
sleep/wake and arousal
purpose of the spinal nerves
carry information from brain out towards the body
what is sensation
sensory processes
involves first contact between organism and environment
what is perception
the experience as a result of what we sense
what is transduction
when neurons turn energy into a nerve impulse
what are the sensory receptors for vision + what energy do they transduce
rods and cones
transduce light energy
what are the sensory receptors for hearing + what energy do they transduce
hair cells on basilar membrane in inner ear
transduce sound waves
what are the sensory receptors for somatosensory (touch/pressure/pain) + what energy do they transduce
receptors in skin/joints
transduce mechanical energy
what are the sensory receptors for taste and olfaction
receptors on tongue and in nose
transduce chemical energy
purpose of occipital lobe
located at back of brain
where visual processing begins
purpose of parietal lobe
located on top of brain
directs movements towards a goal or to perform a task (such as grasping an object)
purpose of temporal lobe
located on on bottom of brain
involves with hearing, language, and musical abilities
also involved with facial recognition and emotional processing
purpose of frontal lobe
located at front of brain
performs brains executive functions like decision making and voluntary movements
purpose of central sulcus
boundary between frontal and parietal lobes
purpose of lateral fissure
fissures that run along the sides of the brain
purpose of longitudinal fissures
divide the left and right hemispheres of the brain
purpose of cranial nerves
nerves that go throughout different parts of head
help with eye muscles and balance
brain-body orientation
brain structure in reference to human face
spatial orientation
brain structure in relation to the body
anatomic organization
brain structure in relation to a cut through brain
3 types of brain sections
coronal, horizontal and saggital
coronal brain section
goes through brain from top to bottom, slicing brain horizontally
makes a front and back of brain
horizontal brain section
cuts brain in half so that there is a top half and bottom half (goes through centre of brain)
saggital brain section
cuts brain in half so that there is a left side and a right side
4 main views of the brain
dorsal, ventral, lateral, and medial
purpose of inferior olive
motor functions
purpose of superior olive
hearing functions
purpose of the pyramid
motor tracts
purpose of infundibulum
connection between hypothalamus and posterior pituitary
purpose of peduncles
assist in refining and learning new motor skills
some from tracts from pons to cerebellum
superior colliculus purpose
vision
inferior colliculus purpose
hearing
lateral geniculate nucleus main purpose
vision
medial geniculate nucleus main purpose
hearing
3 main types of neurons
sensory, interneurons, and motor neurons
purpose of sensory neurons
bring sensory and motor info to central nervous system
purpose of interneurons
associate sensory and motor activity in central nervous system
purpose of motor neurons
send sensory and motor information to the body
