Module 2

Question 1

The primary biological component of humans that
allowed for culture is the developed brain. It has the
necessary parts for facilitating pertinent skills such
speaking, touching, feeling, seeing, and smelling.

Answer 1

Our thinking capacity

Question 2

-the vocal tract acts as the mechanism by which sounds are produced and reproduced to transmit ideas and values

-traditional scientific belief pegs the development of
language at 100 000 years ago, making it an exclusive trait
to modern human.

Answer 2

Our speaking capacity

Question 3

_______ argued that the origin of language may be
rooted as far back as 500 000 years ago, based on the
discovered fragment of Homo heidelbergensis (hyoid bone
which is crucial for speaking as it supports the root tongue —
same with homo neanderthalensis)

Answer 3

Dan Dediu

Question 4

Two types of grips

Answer 4

• Power Grip
• Precision Grip

Question 5

• enables humans to wrap the thumb and fingers on object; it became the cornerstone of our
  capacity to hold tools firmly for hunting and other
  activities.

Answer 5

Power Grip

Question 6

• enables humans to hold and pick objects steadily using their fingers. This capacity is
  crucial in tool-making activities.

Answer 6

Precision Grip

Question 7

Primates have two forms of locomotion:

Answer 7

• Bipedalism
• Quadropedalism

Question 8

— is the capacity to walk and stand on two

Answer 8

Bipedalism

Question 9

• uses all four limbs

Answer 9

Quadropedalism

Question 10

• practiced the crudest methods of toolmaking

Answer 10

Australopithecines

Question 11

-stone-tool industry
-characterized by use of “hand water-worn creek
cobles made out of volcanic rock (used to butcher
large animals)

Answer 11

The Oldowan Industry

Question 12

— a process involving the
systematic collision produces a core tool (used for
general purpose) and the flake tool (used as a
knife)

Answer 12

Percussion Flaking

Question 13

— supported the existence of oldowan industry
when Mary and louis Leakey at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania,
which was dated at 2.6 million years ago.

Answer 13

Homo habilis

Question 14

— acquired the industry after migration within
1.9 -1.8 mya

Answer 14

Homo erectus

Question 15

• a period of which stone implements were used in multiple activities such as light chopping of wood, digging up roots and bulbs, butchering animals, and cracking nuts and small bones.

Answer 15

THE ACHAUELIAN INDUSTRY

Question 16

— a patron saint of France wherein this industry was named after him as artifacts
were discovered in that area dating 1.5 mya.

Answer 16

Saint Acheul

Question 17

-name after a site in France called Le Moustier, where evidence was uncovered in 1860.

Answer 17

THE MOUSTERIAN INDUSTRY

Question 18

-Mainly present in Europe and Southwest Asia from 45 000 to 35 000 years ago

Answer 18

THE AURIGNICIAN INDUSTRY

Question 19

-named after the La Madeleine site in Dordogne, France.

• this industry saw the end of palaeolithic period as it transformed to
  neolithic period.

Answer 19

THE MAGDALENIAN INDUSTRY

Question 20

-Provided the bases for development of complex human groups through the establishment of culture.

-By the end of this period, Earth was getting warmer as the Ice Age was already at its last stage

Answer 20

Palaeolithic Revolution

Question 21

-Characterized by a major shift in economic subsistence of early humans from foraging to
agriculture.

Answer 21

Neolithic Revolution

Question 22

Rulers ascended to power convinced that their right to
rule is based on their final relationship with
supernatural forces and entities. (e.g., God-king of
ancient Sumer)

Answer 22

Divine Right Theory

Question 23

A group forces member of another group to subject
themselves to their rules. (e.g., Mayans -conflict over
access to rivers resulted into subjugation)

Answer 23

Force Theory

Question 24

The father essentially is the leader of the first political
unit, which grew as the number of the members of his
family grew.

Answer 24

Paternalistic Theory

Question 25

The creation of a state was mutual agreement between
the ruler and the ruled to ensure order and security from
outside threats.

Answer 25

Social Contract Theory

Question 26

Humans have innate need to be part of community.

Answer 26

Natural Theory

Question 27

— believed to be where it started the
traditional view of democracy around 500 BCE.

Answer 27

Greek City-States

Question 28

• an Athenian statesman proposed
  demokratika as a political ideology that aimed at
  dispersing power from the monopoly of the elites to
  the masses

Answer 28

Cleisthenes

Question 29

— a city found in Fertile Crescent and
according to Keane (2009) it is where the real origin of
democracy started

Answer 29

City of Nippur

Question 30

• along this region early
  civilization started democracy as early as the Old
  Babylonian empire days (1 894 BCE)

Answer 30

Fertile Crescent

Question 31

• settlement on the
  Peloponnese region and it is believed that the
  implementation of democracy transpired between
  1 000 and 1 200 BCE.

Answer 31

Mycenaean Civilization

Question 32

-primary transnational entity that manages and negotiates
matters relating to human heritage

Answer 32

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO)

Question 33

— being tangible in the form of structures,
monuments, historical sites, other artifacts.

Answer 33

Tangible heritage

Question 34

• being intangible in the form of literature, oral
  tradition, concepts, and values.

Answer 34

Intangible heritage

Question 35

— repository of archaeological finds that allow people
from the contemporary period to reconstruct the culture and
environment of their ancestors.

-Provides access to races’ ancestors lives and environment
without travelling to archaeological sites, which are often highly
inaccessible.

Answer 35

Museums