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Physiology > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

If a If its ascending, its entering dorsal root ganglions

A

Dorsal root ganglions

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2
Q

Where are unipolar Neurons located?

A

Outside the brain and SC

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3
Q

Where are Bipolar Neurons located?

A

Ear, Eye, Nose

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4
Q

Where are Multipolar Neurons located?

A

Brain and SC

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5
Q

What type of neuron is a sensory neuron?

A

Uni and Bipolar

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6
Q

What type of neuron is a interneuron neuron?

A

Multipolar

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7
Q

What type of neuron is a Motor neuron?

A

Multipolar

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8
Q

What is the Motor neuron Hiearchy

A

1st Order = Precentral Gyrus
2nd Order = Brain Stem
3rd Order - ventral horn of spinal cord

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9
Q

The anteriorspinothalamic tract is respoinsible for what sensation, and where does it deccusate?

A

Crude touch, pressure and Posterior gret horn at the level it enters

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10
Q

What type of receptors are Exteroceptors?

A

Skin, Responses to external stimulus, Pain, Temp, pressure

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11
Q

What type of receptors are Interoceptors ??

A

Internal viscera, Simuls in internal viscera, Chemical changes, tissue stretches (Hungry, and then the body will react)

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12
Q

What type of receptors are Proprioceptors?

A

SKM, Tendons, Joints, Ligaments, Connective tissue  Functions to relay info of joint positions (GTO, spindles)

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13
Q

In the ascending pathways, what are the first order neurons?

A

Conduct impulses from cutaneous receptors, and proprioceptors; transmit to the spinal cord or brain stem

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14
Q

First order neurons cell bodies are where?

A

Ganglion (Dorsal Root or Cranial)

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15
Q

In the ascending pathways, what are the second order neurons?

A

Tramsit impulses to the thalamus or cerebellum

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16
Q

Where are the second order neurons located?

A

Dorsal Horn of the spinal cord or meduallary Neuclei dorsal column nuclei

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17
Q

In the ascending pathways, what are the third order neurons?

A

Relay impulses to the somatosensory cortex of the cerebrum

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18
Q

Where are the third order neurons located?

A

Thalamus

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19
Q

Motor Neuron Hierarchy states these three are the most important.

A

Precentral Gyrus
Brain Stem
Ventral horn of the Spinal Cord

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20
Q

What are the 3 Levels of Motor Control Precommand?

A

Precommand ( Highest)
Projection Level (Middle)
Segmental (Lowest)

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21
Q

The precomand level of motor control is what level, and what is included in this category? (What structures are included)

A
  • Highest
  • Cerebellum and basal Nuclei
  • Programs and instrictions
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22
Q

The projection level of motor control is what level, and what is included in this category? (What structures are included)

A
  • Middle
  • Motor cortex , and brain stem
  • Conveys instructions to spinal cord motor neurons and sends a copy of the info to higher centers
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23
Q

The Segmental level of motor control is what level, and what is included in this category? (What structures are included)

A
  • Lowest
  • Spinal Cord
  • Contains Central pattern generators (CPGs)
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24
Q

What is the body doing during Decorticate Rigidity

A

Feet- Planter flexed
CF- Internally rotated
Elbows - Flexed
Humerus - Adducted
Hands - Flexed

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25
Q

What is the body doing during Decerebrate Rigidity

A

Feet- Planter flexed
Elbows - Extended
Humerus - Adducted
Hands - Flexed
Forearm -Supinated

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26
Q

Crude touch, Damaging temperature(S), and pain is seen more as?

A

Dangerous and therefore more important

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27
Q

Spinocerebellar tracts carry what? To where?

A

Unconcious proprioceptive iunformation from the muscle spindles, GTO,to cerebellum?

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28
Q

Spinocerebellar tracts terminate on what side?

A

Same side

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29
Q

Stretching of the muscle spindles triggers the activation of ??

A

Type Ia afferent impulses Monosynaptic reflex

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30
Q

What creates Autogenic inhibition?

A

GTO’s

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31
Q

Muscle spindles are where? on the what type of muscle fibres?

A

Coil around the non-contractile central portions of intrafusal muscle fibers

32
Q

Gamma Motor neurons activate the?? and what type of proprioceptors are these associated with?

A

Intrafusal muscle fibers, Muscle Spindles

33
Q

What is associated with the Weightlifting reflex?

A

GTO

34
Q

Muscle Spindles are located?

A

In the muscle belly!

35
Q

The Length increasing of muscle spindles does what?

A

Creates more contractions (Prevents tears and dislocations)

36
Q

Shortening of muscle spindles causes?

A

Involuntary relaxation

37
Q

What are the components of the reflex arc?

A
  • Receptor
  • Sensory neuron
  • Integration center
  • Motor neuron
  • Effector
38
Q

What is the characteristic of a monosynaptic reflex?

A

Originates and termination in the same organ (motor neurons of the same muscle)

39
Q

Polysynaptic reflexes arise what what type of fibres?

A

Type II afferents

40
Q

What is the function of the Precentral Gyrus ? On what side (Ipsi or Contra?)

A

The anatomical location of the primary motor cortex, which is responsible for controlling voluntary motor movement on the body’s contralateral side.

41
Q

What are the deep tendon reflexes?

A

(1) Bicep (C5-6)
(3) Tricep (C7)
(5) Knee Extensors (L3-4)
(7) Plantarflexion (S1-2)

42
Q

The muscle can move the joint it crosses through a full ROM against gravity and against full resistance applied by examiner (What Grade of muscle is this?)

A

5

43
Q

What are the properties of a grade 5 muscle strength?

A

The muscle can move the joint it crosses through a full ROM against gravity and against full resistance applied by examiner

44
Q

What are the properties of a grade 4 muscle strength?

A

Muscle can move the joint it crosses through a full ROM against moderate resistance

45
Q

Muscle can move the joint it crosses through a full ROM against moderate resistance what grade?

A

4

46
Q

What are the properties of a grade 3 muscle strength?

A

The muscle can move the join it crosses through a full ROM against gravity but without any resistance

47
Q

The muscle can move the join it crosses through a full ROM against gravity but without any resistance is what grade?

A

3

48
Q

What are the properties of a grade 2 muscle strength?

A

The muscle can move the join it crosses through a full ROM if the part is properly positioned so that the force of gravity is eliminated

49
Q

The muscle can move the join it crosses through a full ROM if the part is properly positioned so that the force of gravity is eliminated is what muscle grade?

A

2

50
Q

What are the properties of a grade 1 muscle strength?

A

Muscle contraction is seen/ identified with palpation, but it is insufficient to produce joint movement even with elimination of gravity

51
Q

Muscle contraction is seen/ identified with palpation, but it is insufficient to produce joint movement even with elimination of gravity what grade?

A

1

52
Q

What are the properties of a grade 0 muscle strength?

A

No muscle contraction is seen or identified (Paralysis)

53
Q

No muscle contraction is seen or identified (Paralysis) is what grade?

A

0

54
Q

AISA A means what?

A

Complete, No motor/ sensory

55
Q

AISA B means what?

A

Incomplete, Sensory but not motor function is perserved below neurological level

56
Q

AISA C means what?

A

Incomplete, motor dunction perserved neurological level ** Muscles below neurological level have amuscle grade of <3

57
Q

AISA D means what?

A

Incomplete, motor function perserved ** Below Level Muscles have a grad 3 or higher (>3)

58
Q

AISA E means what?

A

Normal motor and sensory

59
Q

Brown Sequard Motor? what

A

Ipsilateral LMN weakness at lesion level
Ipsilateral UMB Weakness Below Lesion

60
Q

Brown Sequard Sensory?

A

Ipsilateral loss of vibration and proprioception

Contralateral loss of pain and temperature
Preserved light touch

61
Q

Anterior Cord lesion Motor symptoms?

A

Bilateral LMN weakness at the lesion
Bilateral UMN weaknesses below the lesion (Everything below is low Motor off)

62
Q

Anterior Cord lesion Sensory symptoms?

A

Preserved vibration and proprioception
Bilateral loss of pain and temperature
Preserved light touch
(Due to ascending works, Descending No!)

63
Q

Central Cord lesion Motor symptoms?

A

Bilateral motor weakness: upper limb weakness (LMN Lesion)
Greater than Lower limb weakness(UMN)
Urinary retention

64
Q

Central Cord lesion Sensory symptoms?

A

Variable bilateral suspended sensory loss
Loss of pain and temperature greater than loss of vibration and proprioception

65
Q

Posterior Cord lesion Motor symptoms?

A

Preserved

66
Q

Posterior lesion Sensory symptoms?

A

Bilateral loss of vibration, proprioception, light touch at and below the lesion
Preserved pain and temperature

67
Q

Cervical Radiculopathy C4-5 (C5- Sensory, Motor, Reflex)??

A

S: Shoulder
M: Deltoid, Biceps, Supraspinatus
R: No Change

68
Q

Cervical Radiculopathy C5-6 (C6- Sensory, Motor, Reflex)??

A

S: Thumb
M:Biceps
R: Bicep and Brachioradialis

69
Q

Cervical Radiculopathy C6-7 (C7- Sensory, Motor, Reflex)??

A

S: Middle finger
M: Tricept
R: Triceps

70
Q

Cervical Radiculopathy C7-T1 (C8- Sensory, Motor, Reflex)??

A

S:Ring & 5th fingers
M: Digital flexors/ Intrinsics
R: Finger Jerk

71
Q

Lumbar Radiculopathy L3-4 (L4- Pain, Sensory, Motor, Reflex)??

A

P: Femoral Pain
S: Medial Leg
M: Tibialis Anterior (Dorsi)
R: Knee jerk

72
Q

Lumbar Radiculopathy L4-5 (L5- Pain, Sensory, Motor, Reflex)??

A

P: Sciatic Pain
S:Dorsal foot ro lateral leg
M: Extensor Hallucis longus
R: Medial Hamshtings

73
Q

Lumbar Radiculopathy L5-S1 (S1- Pain, Sensory, Motor, Reflex)??

A

P: Sciatic
S: Lateral Foor
M: Gastro, Soleus (Plantar)
R: Ankle Jerk

74
Q

Cauda Equina Syndrome

A

Cant Piss or shit
Reduced deep tendon reflex (Ankle/ Knee)
Low back pain radiating to legs

75
Q

Median nerve compression at the hand and wrist is called

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome.

76
Q
A

Physiology (7 decks)

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