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Physiology > Mod 1 > Flashcards

Mod 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What Cranial nerve is associated with Blindness?

A

Optic Nerve (CNII)

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2
Q

What Cranial nerve is associated with absence of smell associated with a loss of taste?

A

Olfactort CNI

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3
Q

If someone has a resting eye position that is “Down and out” and can’t elevate their eye what Cranial nerve would be impacted?

A

Occulomotor Nerve (CNIII)

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4
Q

What Cranial Nerve is Ptosis associated with? And WTF is this?

A

Occulomotor Nerve (CNIII) (Ptosis –> Ptosis is when the upper eyelid droops over the eye)

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5
Q

What Cranial Nerve is Mydriasis associated with? And WTF is this?

A

Occulomotor Nerve (CNIII)–> Mydriasis: Pupils become dilated, or larger.

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6
Q

What Cranial Nerve is associated with Diplopia? And WTF is this?

A

Occulomotor Nerve (CNIII)–> Diplopia is the medical term for double vision or seeing double.

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7
Q

If a person is having problems going down the stairs, and reading… what CN could be impacted (Think Intorsion and Depression)

A

Trochlear IV (Vertical and torsional Diplopia)–>

Controls superior oblique muscle (Moves the eye down and rotates the top of the toward the nose.)

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8
Q

Ipsilateral Fascial numbnes, and weak mastication muscles may indicate damage to what CN?

A

Trigeminal CNV

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9
Q

What are the muscles of Mastication?

A

Masseter, Temporalis, Lateral pterygoid, Medial pterygoid.

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10
Q

Esotropia is what? and What CN is it associated with ?

A

Abducens Nerve (CN VI) –> Eye misalignment in which one eye is deviated inward toward the nose

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11
Q

Horozontal Diplopia (Defect in lateral gaze is associated with what CN?)

A

Abducens Nerve (CN VI)

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12
Q

Taste, and Ossicular movement is associated with What CN?

A

Facial Nerve (CN VII)

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13
Q

My hearing, is shit. Plus my Balance is off… What CN should be checked?

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve VIII

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14
Q

The posterior 1/3 of my toungue is feeling weird and my taste is off.. What Cranial nerve could this be?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve IX

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15
Q

If my gag reflex has disappeared what CN should I check?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve IX

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16
Q

Oropharyngeal dysphagia is assoaiated with which CN?

A

Vagus X

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17
Q

What is dysarthria and what CN is associated with this condition ?

A

Vagus Nerve X–> Dysarthria is where you have difficulty speaking because the muscles you use for speech are weak.

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18
Q

A lower Motor Neuron lesion associated with the accessory nerve would have what symptoms? (accessory think SCM/Traps)

A

Paralysis of ipsilateral trapezius, SCM, Ipsilateral shoulder drop, turning head to contralteral side

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19
Q

An Upper Motor Neuron lesion associated with the accessory nerve would have what symptoms?

A

Paralaysis if ipsilateral SCM and contralateral trapezius

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20
Q

An Lower Motor Neuron lesion associated with the Hypoglossal nerve would have what symptoms?

A

Tongue Devieation towards lesion ; ipsilateral tongue atrophy, fasciculations (Twitching)

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21
Q

An Upper Motor Neuron lesion associated with the Hypoglossal nerve would have what symptoms?

A

Tongue Devieation away from lesion (Absence of ipsilateral tongue atrophy, fasciculations)

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22
Q

Stroke Vs Transient ischemic attack

A

(TIA) is a stroke that lasts only a few minutes. It occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is briefly interrupted.

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23
Q

The anterior circulation.. What are the branches of the internal Carotid artery?

A

Anterior Choroidal, Ant Cerebral, Middle Cerebral, Lenticulostriate artery

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24
Q

The posterior circulation has 2 major branches what are these?

A

Vetebral Artery, Basilar Artery

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25
Q

Transcortical Motor Aphasia. WTF?

A

A type of non-fluent aphasia This means that speech is halting with a lot of starts and stops. People with TMA typically have good repetition skills, especially compared to spontaneous speech

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26
Q

Ideomotor apraxia wtf?

A

the impaired ability to perform a skilled gesture with a limb upon verbal command and/or by imitation (Pretend to use a Hammer)

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27
Q

Stroke Syndroms associated with Right Anterior cerebral artery

A

Left Leg Numb/ Weakness

Motor Neglect

Possible Ideomotor apraxia

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28
Q

Stroke Syndroms associated with Left Middle cerebral artery

A

Right face/ arm > Leg numbness and weakness

Aphasia (Speaking probs)

Left Gaze perference

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29
Q

Left Hemispatial Neglect WTF?

A

Reduced awareness of stimuli on one side of space, even though there may be no sensory loss.

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30
Q

Stroke Syndroms associated with Right Middle cerebral artery

A

Left face/ arm > Leg numbness and weakness

Left Hemispatial Neglect

Right Gaze preference

Agraphesthesia / asteroeagnesia

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31
Q

agraphesthesia / asteroeagnesia Wtfff..

A

Impaired ability to recognize letters or numbers drawn by an examiner’s fingertip on the patient’s skin (the patients eyes are closed or covered throughout this examination).

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32
Q

Stroke Syndromes According to Vascular Terrirory Anterior cerebral artery

A

Contralateral Leg paresis (Muscular weakness b/c of nerve damage) and sensory Loss

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33
Q

Stroke Syndromes According to Vascular Terrirory Middle cerebral artery (6)

A

1) Contralateral weakness and sensory loss of face and arm
2) Cortical Sensory loss
3) Contralateral homonymous hemianopia or quadrantanopia
4) If Left hemisphere–> Aphasia
5) If Right Hemisphere –> Neglect
6) Eye devieation towards the side of the lesion and away from the weak side

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34
Q

homonymous hemianopia or quadrantanopia

A

hemianopia describes visual defects that occupy about half of an eye’s visual space.

Quadrantanopia describes defects confined mostly to about one fourth of an eye’s visual spac

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35
Q

Stroke Syndromes According to Vascular Terrirory Posterior cerebral artery (4)

A

1) Contralateral Heminanopia or quadrantanopia

2) Midbrain Findings CN III and IV, hemiparesis

3) Thamic findings; sensory loss, amnesia, decreased conciousness

4) If bilateral: Cortical Blindness or Prosopagnosia

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36
Q

If Cranial Nerve III and IV are impacted by a stroke; what artery/ vascular territory could you suspect damage? (What are these cranial Nerves)

A

CNIII(3) - Oculomotor nerve
CN IV(4)- trochlear nerve
Posterior cerebral artery

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37
Q

Quadrantanopia Can be associated with arteries impacted by a stroke?

A

Posterior cerebral artery
Middle cerebral artery

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38
Q

Thamic findings of what artery after a stroke would have these symptoms …. sensory loss, amnesia, decreased conciousness

A

Posterior cerebral artery

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39
Q

Stroke Syndromes According to Vascular Terrirory Basilar Artery

A

Quadriparesis, Dysarthria, impaired eye movement

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40
Q

Dysarthria? What kind of ataxia is present?

A

Difficulty speaking because the muscles you use for speech are weak. Cerebellar ataxia

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41
Q

Quadriparesis ?

A

Weakness in all 4 limbs

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42
Q

Prosopagnosia?

A

face blindness or facial agnosia–> neurological disorder characterized by the inability to recognize faces

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43
Q

Stroke Syndromes According to Vascular Terrirory Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

A

Wallenberg Syndrome

Ipsilateral ataxia, ipsilateral horner’s, ipsilateral fascial sensory loss, contralteral limb impairment (Pain and temperature sensation), nystagmus, Vertigo, Nausea/ Vomiting, Dysphagia, Dystharia, Hiccups

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44
Q

What 2 arteries may be impacted if someone has Wallenberg Syndrome?

A

blockage of the vertebral artery (VA) or posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA),

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45
Q

Wallenberg Syndrome

A

Difficulty swallowing
Hoarseness
Dizziness
Nausea and vomiting
nystagmus
Problems with balance and walking
Lack of pain and temperature sensation on only one side of the face
Uncontrollable hiccups

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46
Q

Ipsilateral Ataxia

A

Ataxia –> without coordination. Lose muscle control in their arms and leg

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47
Q

Nystagmus

A

Vision condition in which the eyes make repetitive, uncontrolled movements.

Result in reduced vision and depth perception and can affect balance and coordination

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48
Q

What is the difference between Dysphagia and Dysarthria

A

Dysphagia: Swallowing problems/ difficulties

Dysarthria: ifficulty speaking because the muscles you use for speech are weak.

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49
Q

Locked in syndrome is associated with which artery being impacted by a stroke?

A

Basilar

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50
Q

Stroke Syndromes According to Vascular Terrirory Medial medullary Infarct (Anterior Spinal Artery)

A

Contralateral Hemiparesis, Contralateral Impaired proprioception, and vibration sensation, ipsilateral tongue weakness

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51
Q

(Check) A lesion in the Upper Motor Neuron Would inpact what ?

A

fascial Supply to the ipsilateral supply that is innervating both upper and lower parts of the face on the opposite side

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52
Q

(CHECK) A lesion in the Lower Motor Neuron Would inpact what ?

A

Complete (Hemifacial paralysis) BELLS Palsy

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53
Q

What type of Neuron is lost with Huntingtons Disease?

A

GABAiminergic

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54
Q

What Structures are impacted with Huntingtons Disease?

A

Atrophy of the Stiratum

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55
Q

What are the symptoms of Huntingtons Disease?

A

Choreiform Movements (Jerky sudden Movements)

Cognitive Deficits

Psychiatric Manifestations

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56
Q

Dystonia is a movement disorder associated with ?

A

Basal Ganglia problem

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57
Q

Alzheimers Disease has what symptoms?

A

Memory Loss, Confusion, irrability, Hallucinations, Death

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58
Q

What type of changes happen in the brain to cause Alzheimers disease?

A

Abnormal protein deposits (Amyloid Deposits) (Neurofibrillary Plaques)

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59
Q

An ACH deficency is associated with what brain condition?

A

Alzheimers

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60
Q

What motor movement impairments are associated with alzheimer’s disease?

A

Aphasia, Apraxia, Agnosia

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61
Q

What is “Dementia with Lewy Bodies”

A

Visual Hallucinations, Parkinsonism, fluctuating cognition

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62
Q

Frontotemporal Dementia can also be called?

A

Picks Disease

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63
Q

What are the behavioral featurs associated with Frontotemporal dementia?

A

Disinhibition, perservation, decreased social awarnessm mental rigidity memory relatively spared

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64
Q

What are the Language featurs associated with Frontotemporal dementia?

A

Progressive non-fluent aphasia, semantic dementia

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65
Q

What are the symptoms associated with Huntington’s disease?

A

Chorea

Is a movement disorder that causes sudden, unintended, and uncontrollable jerky movements of the arms, legs, and facial muscles.

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66
Q

What is non-fluent aphasia?

A

Broca’s aphasia

Severely reduced speech, often limited to short utterances of less than four words. Limited vocabulary. Clumsy formation of sounds. Difficulty writing (but the ability to read and understand speech).

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67
Q

What is multi-infarct dementia

A

Multi-infarct dementia (MID) is a common cause of memory loss in older people. MID is caused by multiple strokes (disruption of blood flow to the brain) which lead to damaged brain tissue

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68
Q

Vasculitis dementia (Vascular) Symptoms

A

problems with reasoning, planning, judgment, memory and other thought processes caused by brain damage from impaired blood flow to your brain.

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69
Q

Myelin is made by ____ in your brain?? and by ______ in your peripheral nervous system

A

Oligodendrocytes

Schwann cells

70
Q

What are the symptoms of MS?

A

Neuropathic Pain
Vertigo
Aphasia
Unsteady Gait / Coordination
Tremor

71
Q

What is the difference between Retrograde and anterograde amnesia

A

Retrograde- Loss of memories of past events, Temporary difficulty in recalling information

Anterograde- Inability to form new memories, Characterized by the inability to transfer new information from the primary memory to the secondary memory

72
Q

What are the 4 types of Myoclonus?

A

Physiological Myoclonus
Essential Myoclonus
Epileptic Myoclonus
Symptomatic Myoclonus

73
Q

What is Physiological Myoclonus ?

A

Quick muscle twitches followed by relaxation this form occurs in healthy people, causes no difficulties, and does not require medical treatment

74
Q

What is Essential Myoclonus?

A

occurs on its own and is not influenced by abnormalities in the brain or nerves, myoclonic seizures aren’t usually disabling. They’re also very brief,

75
Q

What is Epileptic Myoclonus

A

brief, shock-like jerks of a muscle or a group of muscles. “Myo” means muscle and “clonus” (KLOH-nus) means rapidly alternating contraction and relaxation—jerking or twitching—of a muscle.

76
Q

What are Symptomatic Myoclonus ?

A

These come because of a medical condition

Degenerative disorders (Wilson’s disease Huntington’s disease, Alzheimer’s)
Infectious Disorders (CJD, viral encephalitis, AIDS-dementia complex)
Metabolic disorders (Drug intoxication/ withdrawal, hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, HONK, hepatic enchalopayhology, Uremia, hypoxia
Focal Brain damage (head injury stroke, mass)

77
Q

Is Sensory or Cerebellar Ataxia Present in Nystagmus?

A

Sensory: Absent
Cerebellar: Present

78
Q

Is Sensory or Cerebellar Ataxia Present in Dystharia?

A

Sensory: Absent
Cerebellar: Scanning Speach

79
Q

Is Sensory or Cerebellar Ataxia present in Eye Movements?

A

Sensory: Sometimes Abnormal
Cerebellar: Normal/ Slow

80
Q

Is Sensory or Cerebellar Ataxia present in finger-nose ataxia?

A

Sensory: Present (Signifcantly with eyes closure)
Cerebellar: Present

81
Q

What would be the problems assiciated with Meduan Cerebellar Dysfunction?

A

Disturnamce of Balance
Occulomotor control (Nausia, Pendular nystagmus)
Trunk/ Gait Ataxia

82
Q

Dysmetria

A

The inability to control the distance, speed, and range of motion necessary to perform smoothly coordinated movements.

83
Q

Adiadochokinesia or dysdiadochokinesia

A

The inability to perform rapid alternating movement of muscles

84
Q

Ataxia

A

Without coordination. People with ataxia lose muscle control in their arms and legs.

85
Q

Dysphagia

A

Swallowing difficulties

86
Q

Dysphasia

A

language disorder. It affects how you speak and understand language. People with dysphasia might have trouble putting the right words together in a sentence, understanding what others say, reading, and writing

87
Q

Dysarthria

A

Difficulty speaking because the muscles you use for speech are weak.

88
Q

A unilateral Pyramidal corticospinal tract lesion Would have what impact on the “gait” of an individual?

A

Spastic Gait/ Foot drop, scissoring legs –> Ischemic/ Hemorraghagic Stroke

89
Q

A Bilateral Pyramidal corticospinal tract lesion Would have what impact on the “gait” of an individual?

A

Spastic Gait/ Foot drop, scissoring legs –> Cervical Spindylosis, Cervical Spondulosis, Cerebral palsy, MS

90
Q

Basal Ganglia has 2 impacts on Gait what are these?

A

Parkinsonian Gait, Choreic/Hemiballistic/Dystonic Gait

91
Q

Basal Ganglia Lesions may present what conditions?

A

Huntington’s, Sydenham’s Chorea, Wilsons Disease, Lupus, Neruoleptic medications, Genetic Dystonia

92
Q

Cerebellar Disorders are associated with gait are?

A

Cerebellar Ataxia gait–> Wide-based without highstepping, veers to side of lesion

93
Q

Cerebellar Disorders are associated what conditions?

A

Hypoglycemia, paraneoplastic syndrom, hypoxia, paimary and secondary neuroplasm

94
Q

In relations to gait disturbances visual loss looks like? and What Disorders are associated with this?

A

Broad based gait with tentative steps, Cataract Surgery Without lense replacment

95
Q

In relations to gait disturbances Proprioceptoive loss looks like? and What Disorders are associated with this?

A

Sesory ataxia- Wide base with high stepping posture and postive Romberg

96
Q

Types of Gait disturbance , proprioceptive loss is associated with what disorders?

A

Demyleniation, paraneoplastic syndrome, Tabes Dorsalis, MS

97
Q

Peripheral vestibular lesions (Acute) description and disorders.

A

Description: Vestibular Ataxia. Menieres Disease, Infectious, tumors

98
Q

Peripheral vestibular lesions (Bilateral) description and disorders.

A

Description: Disequlibrium
Disorder: Ototixic Drugs

99
Q

Peripheral Nerve Disorder Foot Drop, description and disorders.

A

Description: Steppage gait
Disorder: Aquired peripheral neuropathy, compressive peroneal Neuropathy, L4-5 radiculopathy

100
Q

Peripheral Nerve Disorder Lumbosacral Radiculopathy, description and disorders.

A

Description: Steppage gait
Disorder: Aquired peripheral neuropathy, compressive peroneal Neuropathy, L4-5 radiculopathy

101
Q

Myopathies Associated with Gait Disturbances look like what, and are associated with what disorders?

A

Waddling gait, pronounced lordosis, pelvic rotation, with Progressive muscular dystrophy

102
Q

Tinnitus ?

A

an auditory perception in the absence of an acoustic stimuli,

103
Q

Describe Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
(BPPV)

A

Acute attacks of transient vertigo that dont last long. Can be cause by certain head positions, accompanied by torsional nystagmus

104
Q

Describe why vertigo is not just being dizzy

A

illusion of rotational, linear,
or tilting movement of self or
environment
– vertigo is produced by peripheral (inner ear) or central (brainstem- cerebellum) stimulation

105
Q

Vertigo the symptom of imbalance is this different between peripheral and Central

A

Peripheral: Moderate-Severe
Central: Mild-Moderate

106
Q

Vertigo the symptom of Nausea and vomiting is this different between peripheral and Central

A

Peripheral: Severe
Central: Variable

107
Q

Vertigo the symptom of Audatory Symptoms is this different between peripheral and Central

A

Peripheral: Common
Central: Rare

108
Q

Vertigo the symptom of Neurological Symptoms is this different between peripheral and Central

A

Peripheral: Rare
Central: Common

109
Q

Vertigo the symptom of Compensationis this different between peripheral and Central

A

Peripheral: Rapid
Central: Slow

110
Q

Vertigo the symptom of Nystagmus this different between peripheral and Central

A

Peripheral: Unidirectional/ Horizontal/ Rotatory
Central: Bidirectional/ Horozontal

111
Q

Aural Fullness is present in what types of vertigo diagnosis?

A

Meniere’s Disease

112
Q

Which condition of vertigo has the shortest and longest duration?

A

Shortest BPPV Longest: Vestibular Neuroitis (Days)

Acoustic Neuroma (Chronic)

113
Q

Unilateral Hearing loss is associated wuth which Vertigo history diagnoisis?

A

Meniere’s Disease, Labryinthitis

114
Q

Ataxis and CN VII Palsy is associated with (Type of vertigo)

A

Acoustic Neuroma

115
Q

What is Broca’s area?

A

Broca’s area (Broca’s is one of the Broadman’s areas area 44 (Tongue) Motor Speech

116
Q

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

A

Language Comprehension
Voluntary Motor Control
Executive processes
Voluntary behavior
Intelligence
Self-control
Emotional Control
Language processing
Problem Solving

117
Q

What are 2 specalized locations in the frontal lobe?

A

Broca’s (Speach area) Frontal lobe eye feild

118
Q

Where is Wernicke’s area?/ What is it?

A

Temporal lobe responsible for making meaningful speech, phonologic retrieval, an essential part of speech production.

119
Q

If someone has impacted language comprehension and the production of meaningful language what damage may have been done?

A

Wernicke’s area of the brain.damage

120
Q

if someone is Making up meaningless words. Producing sentences that do not make sense
Speaking in a way that sounds normal but lacks meaning, and has Difficulty repeating words or phraseswhere might be damaged?

A

Wernicke’s area of the brain

121
Q

What is the function of the Parietal Lobe?

A

Include understanding language, memory acquisition, face recognition, object recognition, perception and processing auditory information

122
Q

What are the 2 functional areas of the Parietal lobe?

A

Sensation and perception- Cognition
Integrating Sensory input- Visual and aids in constructing spatial maps to represent the world around us

123
Q

What lobe is the Sensory functions of the body (Pain, touch) controlled… Spatial Orientation (Spatial Mapping) in connection with visual spatial processing READING and Writing WHERE DOES THIS HAPPEN?!

A

Parietal lobe

124
Q

Where is the motor cortex located?

A

Frontal lobe

125
Q

Where is the sensory cortex located?

A

Parietal lobe

126
Q

Where is the auditory cortex located?

A

Temporal lobe

127
Q

What is the Temporal lobe responsible for?

A

Auditory Cortex (Understanding language, memory acquisition, face/ object recognition, perception, auditory processing)

127
Q

The ______ lobe which is the most dominant in people, is associated with understanding language, learning, memorizing, forming speech,

A

Left temporal lobe

127
Q

What is the role of the arcuate fasciculus

A

Connecting Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas, which are involved in producing and understanding language

128
Q

What is the Arcuate fasciculus?

A

A bundle of axons that connects the temporal cortex and inferior parietal cortex to locations in the frontal lobe.

129
Q

What is the left hemisphere responsible for?

A

Specalizes language, logic, sequencing,

130
Q

What is the Right hemisphere responsible for?

A

Nonverbal ideaion, emptional processes, parallel processing

131
Q

Why is the left side of the head important…

A

Left Frontal, Left Parietal, Left Temporal  All contains speech center, Frontal Motor speech area, Left Temporal Sensory Speech area, left Temporal has Arcuate fascicles

132
Q

What makes up the brain stem?

A

the midbrain (The colliculi, the tegmentum, and the cerebral peduncles)., pons, and medulla oblongata.

133
Q

What is the Limbic system? (Five “F’s”)

A

Feeding (satiety & hunger)
Forgetting (memory)
Fighting (emotional response)
Family (sexual reproduction and maternal instincts)
Fornicating (sexual arousal)

134
Q

What is the R.A.S?…

A

It plays a big role in filtering incoming stimuli to discriminate irrelevant background stimuli…. regulate behavioural arousal, consciousness and motivation

135
Q

What is the function if the thalamus?

A

A relay station of all incoming motor (movement) and sensory information — hearing, taste, sight and touch

136
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus

A

receives chemical messages from nerve cells in your brain and from nerve cells in your body

“smart control” system to seamlessly manage all functions in your home, your hypothalamus is your body’s “smart control” coordinating center. Your hypothalamus helps manage your:

Body temperature.
Blood pressure.
Hunger and thirst.
Sense of fullness when eating.
Mood.
Sex drive.
Sleep.

137
Q

What is the difference between Hypothalamus and Thalamus?

A

Thalamus acts as a gatekeeper for messages passed between the spinal cord and the cerebral hemispheres. The hypothalamus controls emotions. It also regulates your body’s temperature and controls crucial urges — such as eating or sleeping.

138
Q

What makes up the limbic system?

A

The amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, and cingulate gyrus

139
Q

What is considered the Traffic cops of the brain
that Filters sensory input, which allows us to concentrate and assists in Basic Emotions, drives, behaviors Drives such as hunger, anger, emotions, sexual drive

A

Reticular formation

140
Q

What is the difference between Implicit and explicit memory? (Long term memory)

A

Information that you remember unconsciously and effortlessly is known as implicit memory, while information that you have to consciously work to remember is known as explicit memory

141
Q

What is Declarative memory?

A

Declarative memory, also referred to as explicit memory, is the memory of facts, data, and events.

142
Q

What is Semantic memory vs Episodic memory

A

Episodic memory is associated with the events that take place in the life of an individual.

Semantic memory is associated with some facts and figures.

143
Q

What is the function of the Cerebellum

A

Functions:
Maintain Muscle tone
Coordinate Muscle movement
Posture and control
Balance/ Equilibrium

144
Q

What is the function of the Vermis?

A

Coordinates the movements of the central body

145
Q

What is the main function if the Basal ganglia?

A
  • Inhibits descending unnecessary motor functio
146
Q

Where is csf produced?

A

Choroid plexus

147
Q

What arterial branches supply the brain?

A

Anterior/ Middle/ Posterior Cerebral artery

148
Q

Anosognosia

A

Right parietal lobe Damage … Denial of deficits

149
Q

Agraphia

A

impairment or loss of a previous ability to write.

150
Q

Acalculia

A

inability to process numbers and perform calculation

151
Q

Apraxia

A

the loss of ability to execute or carry out skilled movement and gestures, despite having the physical ability and desire to perform them.

152
Q

Aphasia

A

brain damage resulting from a stroke a language disorder caused by damage in a specific area of the brain that controls language expression and comprehension

153
Q

Balint syndrome

A

Bi-lateral parietal lobe damage…

a visual attention and motor syndrome.
ocular apraxia
inability to integrate components of a visual scene simultanagnosia
Inability to accurately reach for an object with visual guidance optic ataxia Bi-lateral damage (large lesions to both sides) can cause “Balint’s Syndrome,”

154
Q

What is Gerstmann’s Syndrome and where is it associated with ?`

A

LEFT PARIETAL LOBE DAMAGE

Right-left confusion,
Difficulty with writing (agraphia)
Difficulty with mathematics (acalculia).
Aphasia
inability to perceive objects normally (agnosia)

155
Q

What is parkinson’s disease?

A

Degeneartive disease, dopamine deficency, resting tremors, bradykenisia,

156
Q

What is huntington’s disease?

A

Loss of GABAimergenic neurons

Huntington’s disease triad (1) psychiatric syndromes; (2) a movement disorder; and (3) cognitive impairment.

157
Q

What is Multiple Sclerosis

A

Myelin is made by oligodendrocytes in your brain and spinal cord (your central nervous system [CNS]) and by Schwann cells in your peripheral nervous system
Demyelination

158
Q

Amnesia… Retrograde vs Anterograde

A

Retrograde
Loss of memories of past events

Anterograde
inability to form new memories

159
Q

Alzheimer’s disease caused by …

A

Beta amyloid plaques …Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia — a gradual decline in memory, thinking, behavior and social skills. These changes affect a person’s ability to function.

160
Q

Agnosia

A

Patient is unable to recognize and identify objects, persons, or sounds using one or more of their senses despite otherwise normally functioning senses.

161
Q

Hemineglect

A

reduced awareness of stimuli on one side of space, even though there may be no sensory loss.

162
Q

Unilateral neglect is an attention disorder as a result of injury to

A

the parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex (Right)

163
Q

_________ is the inability to control the distance, speed, and range of motion necessary to perform smoothly coordinated movements.

A

Dysmetria

164
Q

loss of balance and poor coordination of walking, speech, and eye movements. And is a type of ______ Ataxia

A

More specifically, dysmetria is a type of cerebellar ataxia

165
Q

Intention Tremor

A

involuntary, rhythmic muscle contractions (oscillations) that occur during a purposeful, voluntary movement.

166
Q

Dystonia ???

A

is a movement disorder that causes the muscles to contract involuntarily.

167
Q

Chorea

A

Chorea is a movement disorder that causes involuntary, unpredictable body movements. Symptoms may include fidgeting to severe uncontrolled arm and leg movements.

168
Q

Hemiballismus

A

hyperkinetic involuntary movement disorder characterized by intermittent, sudden, violent, involuntary, flinging, or ballistic high amplitude movements

169
Q

hemiballismus vs ballismus

A

Hemi (Ipsilateral) Ball (Bilateral)

170
Q
A

Physiology (7 decks)

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