Module 15-16 Flashcards
When the systole occurs the ventricle is contracting.
True
One of the problems with the increased surface area of the lungs is that the __________________ could stick to each other causing the lungs to collapse. To get around this the body secretes __________________ into the lungs.
alveoli, surfacant
Blood moves very rapidly in the capillaries.
False
When the ventricles contract blood is pushed out into the artery and the artery stretches because of its elastic layers allowing the blood to continue to flow into the circulatory system while the ventricle is relaxing.
True
What is the maximum number of molecules of oxygen that can bind to hemoglobin?
4
In capillaries the blood pressure pushes nutrients out of the capillaries towards the cells.
True
Oxygen is distributed throughout the body by:
The circulatory system
When arterial blood pressure falls the body compensates to raise the blood pressure. Explain this process.
1) kidney releases renin
2) renin activates angiotensin
3) angiotensin causes vessels to constrict
4) arterial pressure rises
The two circuits in the heart and the cardiovascular system have the same blood pressure.
False
The oxygen in the circulatory system functions to bring oxygen to every cell of the body so it can make ATP.
True
When you inhale which set of muscles uses the least amount of ATP and triggers the parasympathetic nervous system?
diaphragmatic muscles
The slow flow of blood in the capillaries facilitates release of oxygen.
True
The lungs have increased surface area to increase the movement of oxygen into the circulatory system.
True
There are two factors that cause the release of oxygen from hemoglobin- list them.
“Drop in pO2 (Partial pressure)
Drop in PH (Bohr effect)”
To prevent back flow of blood in the heart there are __________________.
Valves
The lungs are in the thoracic cavity, but they are also in another cavity. What is the name of that other cavity?
Pleural Cavity
The atrioventricular node fires after the sinoatrial node.
True
The heart pace maker that triggers the two atria to contract is the __________________ __________________.
Sinoatrial node
The pulmonary artery contains oxygenated blood.
False
The excretory system uses oxygen because oxygen diffuses more rapidly into the excretory system because it contains water in the urine.
False
Unlike other epithelia the epithelia that make up the capillaries have holes in them called fenestrations.
True
In mammals ventilation is tidal.
True
Tidal breathing causes the incoming air to mix with some older air in the lungs.
True
The blood flow slows down in the capillaries because the increased total area of the capillary is very large.
True
The partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs causes it to load into the circulatory system.
True
When oxygen passes from the lungs into the circulatory system as a gas, how many cells does it have to pass through to be in the circulatory system?
2
Nutrients and oxygen can leave the arteries and arterioles to reach the cells.
False
What does carbonic anhydrase do?
Speeds conversion of CO2 to H2CO3
Surfactants is one of the later components made in the fetus (prior to birth).
True
When the diaphragm is relaxed, it allows air to leave the lungs including the residual volume.
False
The inspiratory and the expiratory reserves make up the total volume in the lungs.
False
The slow flow of blood in the capillaries facilitates the production of bicarbonates in the blood.
True
The heart contains two circuits. Name them.
pulmonary and systemic
Once inside the circulatory system __________________ is the molecule that binds oxygen.
hemoglobin
Veins and venueles have valves in them, but arteries and arterioles do not.
True
There is a reserve of oxygen in the muscles held by __________________.
Myoglobin
Red blood cells carry CO2 back to the lungs.
False
The kidney controls the water balance in the body.
True
The Bowman’s capsule is the beginning of the nephron.
True
The Bowman’s capsule, the proximal convoluted tubule, and the distal convoluted tubule are in the cortex of the kidney.
True
The inter-weaving of the circulatory system with the nephron is essential for the concentration of urea in the urine.
True
What happens to the nephron if the blood pressure drops significantly?
Kidney failure
Urine leaves our body through the urethra.
True
The collecting duct of the kidney drains into the _______________ and this enters the _______________ _______________.
Ureter
Urinary bladder
Toxins including urea (in mammals) is driven out of the glomerulus into the Bowman’s capsule.
True
The medulla of the kidney secretes epinephrine.
False
In the proximal convoluted tubule useful molecules are collected and brought back into the circulatory system such as glucose and amino acids, but not the toxic materials.
True
Each kidney contains about one million nephrons.
True
Blood pressure drives red blood cells and plasma proteins out of the glomerulus.
False
Efferent arterioles enter the Bowman’s capsule and afferent arterioles leave the Bowman’ s capsule.
False
The kidney gets rid of toxic compounds.
True
The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron.
True
Give an example of homeostasis in the kidney.
Blood Pressure
The kidney filters about 180 liters of blood per day.
True
