Module 15-16

Question 1

When the systole occurs the ventricle is contracting.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

One of the problems with the increased surface area of the lungs is that the __________________ could stick to each other causing the lungs to collapse. To get around this the body secretes __________________ into the lungs.

Answer 2

alveoli, surfacant

Question 3

Blood moves very rapidly in the capillaries.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

When the ventricles contract blood is pushed out into the artery and the artery stretches because of its elastic layers allowing the blood to continue to flow into the circulatory system while the ventricle is relaxing.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

What is the maximum number of molecules of oxygen that can bind to hemoglobin?

Answer 5

4

Question 6

In capillaries the blood pressure pushes nutrients out of the capillaries towards the cells.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Oxygen is distributed throughout the body by:

Answer 7

The circulatory system

Question 8

When arterial blood pressure falls the body compensates to raise the blood pressure. Explain this process.

Answer 8

1) kidney releases renin
2) renin activates angiotensin
3) angiotensin causes vessels to constrict
4) arterial pressure rises

Question 9

The two circuits in the heart and the cardiovascular system have the same blood pressure.

Answer 9

False

Question 10

The oxygen in the circulatory system functions to bring oxygen to every cell of the body so it can make ATP.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

When you inhale which set of muscles uses the least amount of ATP and triggers the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 11

diaphragmatic muscles

Question 12

The slow flow of blood in the capillaries facilitates release of oxygen.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

The lungs have increased surface area to increase the movement of oxygen into the circulatory system.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

There are two factors that cause the release of oxygen from hemoglobin- list them.

Answer 14

“Drop in pO2 (Partial pressure)

Drop in PH (Bohr effect)”

Question 15

To prevent back flow of blood in the heart there are __________________.

Answer 15

Valves

Question 16

The lungs are in the thoracic cavity, but they are also in another cavity. What is the name of that other cavity?

Answer 16

Pleural Cavity

Question 17

The atrioventricular node fires after the sinoatrial node.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

The heart pace maker that triggers the two atria to contract is the __________________ __________________.

Answer 18

Sinoatrial node

Question 19

The pulmonary artery contains oxygenated blood.

Answer 19

False

Question 20

The excretory system uses oxygen because oxygen diffuses more rapidly into the excretory system because it contains water in the urine.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

Unlike other epithelia the epithelia that make up the capillaries have holes in them called fenestrations.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

In mammals ventilation is tidal.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Tidal breathing causes the incoming air to mix with some older air in the lungs.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

The blood flow slows down in the capillaries because the increased total area of the capillary is very large.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

The partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs causes it to load into the circulatory system.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

When oxygen passes from the lungs into the circulatory system as a gas, how many cells does it have to pass through to be in the circulatory system?

Answer 26

2

Question 27

Nutrients and oxygen can leave the arteries and arterioles to reach the cells.

Answer 27

False

Question 28

What does carbonic anhydrase do?

Answer 28

Speeds conversion of CO2 to H2CO3

Question 29

Surfactants is one of the later components made in the fetus (prior to birth).

Answer 29

True

Question 30

When the diaphragm is relaxed, it allows air to leave the lungs including the residual volume.

Answer 30

False

Question 31

The inspiratory and the expiratory reserves make up the total volume in the lungs.

Answer 31

False

Question 32

The slow flow of blood in the capillaries facilitates the production of bicarbonates in the blood.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

The heart contains two circuits. Name them.

Answer 33

pulmonary and systemic

Question 34

Once inside the circulatory system __________________ is the molecule that binds oxygen.

Answer 34

hemoglobin

Question 35

Veins and venueles have valves in them, but arteries and arterioles do not.

Answer 35

True

Question 36

There is a reserve of oxygen in the muscles held by __________________.

Answer 36

Myoglobin

Question 37

Red blood cells carry CO2 back to the lungs.

Answer 37

False

Question 38

The kidney controls the water balance in the body.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

The Bowman’s capsule is the beginning of the nephron.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

The Bowman’s capsule, the proximal convoluted tubule, and the distal convoluted tubule are in the cortex of the kidney.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

The inter-weaving of the circulatory system with the nephron is essential for the concentration of urea in the urine.

Answer 41

True

Question 42

What happens to the nephron if the blood pressure drops significantly?

Answer 42

Kidney failure

Question 43

Urine leaves our body through the urethra.

Answer 43

True

Question 44

The collecting duct of the kidney drains into the _______________ and this enters the _______________ _______________.

Answer 44

Ureter | Urinary bladder

Question 45

Toxins including urea (in mammals) is driven out of the glomerulus into the Bowman’s capsule.

Answer 45

True

Question 46

The medulla of the kidney secretes epinephrine.

Answer 46

False

Question 47

In the proximal convoluted tubule useful molecules are collected and brought back into the circulatory system such as glucose and amino acids, but not the toxic materials.

Answer 47

True

Question 48

Each kidney contains about one million nephrons.

Answer 48

True

Question 49

Blood pressure drives red blood cells and plasma proteins out of the glomerulus.

Answer 49

False

Question 50

Efferent arterioles enter the Bowman’s capsule and afferent arterioles leave the Bowman’ s capsule.

Answer 50

False

Question 51

The kidney gets rid of toxic compounds.

Answer 51

True

Question 52

The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron.

Answer 52

True

Question 53

Give an example of homeostasis in the kidney.

Answer 53

Blood Pressure

Question 54

The kidney filters about 180 liters of blood per day.

Answer 54

True