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BIO181 > Module 15-16 > Flashcards

Module 15-16 Flashcards

1
Q

When the systole occurs the ventricle is contracting.

A

True

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2
Q

One of the problems with the increased surface area of the lungs is that the __________________ could stick to each other causing the lungs to collapse. To get around this the body secretes __________________ into the lungs.

A

alveoli, surfacant

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3
Q

Blood moves very rapidly in the capillaries.

A

False

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4
Q

When the ventricles contract blood is pushed out into the artery and the artery stretches because of its elastic layers allowing the blood to continue to flow into the circulatory system while the ventricle is relaxing.

A

True

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5
Q

What is the maximum number of molecules of oxygen that can bind to hemoglobin?

A

4

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6
Q

In capillaries the blood pressure pushes nutrients out of the capillaries towards the cells.

A

True

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7
Q

Oxygen is distributed throughout the body by:

A

The circulatory system

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8
Q

When arterial blood pressure falls the body compensates to raise the blood pressure. Explain this process.

A

1) kidney releases renin
2) renin activates angiotensin
3) angiotensin causes vessels to constrict
4) arterial pressure rises

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9
Q

The two circuits in the heart and the cardiovascular system have the same blood pressure.

A

False

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10
Q

The oxygen in the circulatory system functions to bring oxygen to every cell of the body so it can make ATP.

A

True

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11
Q

When you inhale which set of muscles uses the least amount of ATP and triggers the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

diaphragmatic muscles

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12
Q

The slow flow of blood in the capillaries facilitates release of oxygen.

A

True

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13
Q

The lungs have increased surface area to increase the movement of oxygen into the circulatory system.

A

True

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14
Q

There are two factors that cause the release of oxygen from hemoglobin- list them.

A

“Drop in pO2 (Partial pressure)

Drop in PH (Bohr effect)”

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15
Q

To prevent back flow of blood in the heart there are __________________.

A

Valves

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16
Q

The lungs are in the thoracic cavity, but they are also in another cavity. What is the name of that other cavity?

A

Pleural Cavity

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17
Q

The atrioventricular node fires after the sinoatrial node.

A

True

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18
Q

The heart pace maker that triggers the two atria to contract is the __________________ __________________.

A

Sinoatrial node

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19
Q

The pulmonary artery contains oxygenated blood.

A

False

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20
Q

The excretory system uses oxygen because oxygen diffuses more rapidly into the excretory system because it contains water in the urine.

A

False

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21
Q

Unlike other epithelia the epithelia that make up the capillaries have holes in them called fenestrations.

A

True

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22
Q

In mammals ventilation is tidal.

A

True

23
Q

Tidal breathing causes the incoming air to mix with some older air in the lungs.

A

True

24
Q

The blood flow slows down in the capillaries because the increased total area of the capillary is very large.

A

True

25
Q

The partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs causes it to load into the circulatory system.

A

True

26
Q

When oxygen passes from the lungs into the circulatory system as a gas, how many cells does it have to pass through to be in the circulatory system?

A

2

27
Q

Nutrients and oxygen can leave the arteries and arterioles to reach the cells.

A

False

28
Q

What does carbonic anhydrase do?

A

Speeds conversion of CO2 to H2CO3

29
Q

Surfactants is one of the later components made in the fetus (prior to birth).

A

True

30
Q

When the diaphragm is relaxed, it allows air to leave the lungs including the residual volume.

A

False

31
Q

The inspiratory and the expiratory reserves make up the total volume in the lungs.

A

False

32
Q

The slow flow of blood in the capillaries facilitates the production of bicarbonates in the blood.

A

True

33
Q

The heart contains two circuits. Name them.

A

pulmonary and systemic

34
Q

Once inside the circulatory system __________________ is the molecule that binds oxygen.

A

hemoglobin

35
Q

Veins and venueles have valves in them, but arteries and arterioles do not.

A

True

36
Q

There is a reserve of oxygen in the muscles held by __________________.

A

Myoglobin

37
Q

Red blood cells carry CO2 back to the lungs.

A

False

38
Q

The kidney controls the water balance in the body.

A

True

39
Q

The Bowman’s capsule is the beginning of the nephron.

A

True

40
Q

The Bowman’s capsule, the proximal convoluted tubule, and the distal convoluted tubule are in the cortex of the kidney.

A

True

41
Q

The inter-weaving of the circulatory system with the nephron is essential for the concentration of urea in the urine.

A

True

42
Q

What happens to the nephron if the blood pressure drops significantly?

A

Kidney failure

43
Q

Urine leaves our body through the urethra.

A

True

44
Q

The collecting duct of the kidney drains into the _______________ and this enters the _______________ _______________.

A

Ureter

Urinary bladder

45
Q

Toxins including urea (in mammals) is driven out of the glomerulus into the Bowman’s capsule.

A

True

46
Q

The medulla of the kidney secretes epinephrine.

A

False

47
Q

In the proximal convoluted tubule useful molecules are collected and brought back into the circulatory system such as glucose and amino acids, but not the toxic materials.

A

True

48
Q

Each kidney contains about one million nephrons.

A

True

49
Q

Blood pressure drives red blood cells and plasma proteins out of the glomerulus.

A

False

50
Q

Efferent arterioles enter the Bowman’s capsule and afferent arterioles leave the Bowman’ s capsule.

A

False

51
Q

The kidney gets rid of toxic compounds.

A

True

52
Q

The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron.

A

True

53
Q

Give an example of homeostasis in the kidney.

A

Blood Pressure

54
Q

The kidney filters about 180 liters of blood per day.

A

True

BIO181 (8 decks)

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