Module 11 Vocabulary

Question 1

Invertebrates

Answer 1

Animals that lack a backbone.

Question 2

Vertebrates

Answer 2

Animals that posses a backbone.

Question 3

Spherical Symmetry

Answer 3

An organism possesses spherical symmetry if it can be cut into two identical halves by any cut that runs through the organism’s center.

Question 4

Radial Symmetry

Answer 4

An organism possesses radial symmetry if it can be cut into two identical halves by any longitudinal cut through its center.

Question 5

Bilateral Symmetry

Answer 5

An organism possesses bilateral symmetry if it can only be cut into two identical halves by a single longitudinal cut along its center which divides it into right and left halves.

Question 6

Epidermis

Answer 6

An outer layer of cells designed to provide protection.

Question 7

Mesenchyme

Answer 7

The jellylike substance that seperates the epidermis from the inner cells in a sponge.

Question 8

Collar Cells

Answer 8

Flagellated cells that push water through a sponge.

Question 9

Amoebocytes

Answer 9

Cells that move using pseudopods and perform different functions in different animals.

Question 10

Gemmule

Answer 10

A cluster of cells enclosed in a hard, spicule-reinforced shell.

Question 11

Polyp

Answer 11

The sessile, tubular form of a cnidarian with a mouth and tenctacles at one end and a basal disk at the other.

Question 12

Medusa

Answer 12

A free-swimming cnidarian with a bell-shaped body and tentacles.

Question 13

Epithelium

Answer 13

Animal tissue consiting of one or more layers of cells that have only one free surface, because the other surface adheres to a membrane or other substance.

Question 14

Mesoglea

Answer 14

The jellylike substance that separates the epithelial cells in a cnidarian.

Question 15

Nematocysts

Answer 15

Small capsules that contain a toxin which is injected into prey or predators.

Question 16

Testes

Answer 16

Organs that produce sperm.

Question 17

Ovaries

Answer 17

Organs that produce eggs.

Question 18

Anterior End

Answer 18

The end of an animal that contains its head.

Question 19

Posterior End

Answer 19

The end of an animal that contains its tail.

Question 20

Circulatory System

Answer 20

A system designed to transport food and other necessary substances throughout a creature’s body.

Question 21

Nervous System

Answer 21

A system of sensitive cells that respond to stimuli such as sound, touch, and taste.

Question 22

Ganglia

Answer 22

Masses of nerve cell bodies.

Question 23

Hermaphroditic

Answer 23

Possesing both male and female reproductive organs.

Question 24

Regeneration

Answer 24

The ability to regrow a missing part of the body.

Question 25

Mantle

Answer 25

A sheath of tissue that encloses the vital organs of a mollusk, makes the mollusk’s shell and perfomrs respiration.

Question 26

Shell

Answer 26

A tough, multilayered structure secreted by the mantle, generally used for protection, but sometimes for body support.

Question 27

Visceral Hump

Answer 27

A hump that contain a mollusk’s heart, digestive and excretiory organs.

Question 28

Foot

Answer 28

A muscular organ that is used for locomotion and takes a variety of forms depending on the animal.

Question 29

Radula

Answer 29

An organ covered with teeth that mollusks use to scrape food into their mouths.

Question 30

Univalve

Answer 30

An organism with a single shell.

Question 31

Bivalve

Answer 31

An organism with two shells.