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Exploring Creation with Biology > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which of the following would most likely be the major focus of a biologist?

a. bacteria found in hot springs
b. the composition of water in hot springs
c. the temperature of hot springs
d. the location of hot springs

A

a. bacteria found in hot springs

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2
Q

Which is not a topic of biology?

a. the relationship between fungi and trees
b. the distribution of sand on an ocean floor
c. the chemicals at work in the stomach
d. the speed at which a hummingbird flies

A

b. the distribution of sand on an ocean floor

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3
Q

A person studying a topic is presented with new information that conflicts with previous findings. What would a scientist do in this situation?

a. ignore the new information
b. argue against the new information
c. evaluate the new information
d. keep the new information to himself or herself

A

c. evaluate the new information

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4
Q

Which of the following is an observation?

a. You measure the number of bacteria growing in a petri dish
b. You propose that bacteria will slow down their growth if the temperature is brought down.
c. You hypothesize that the bacteria will grow rapidly if the temperature is increased.
d. You conclude that the bacterial growth is affected by temperature.

A

a. You measure the number of bacteria growing in a petri dish

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5
Q

Tasha is testing the effect of blue-colored light on the growth of tomato plants. Which is the independent variable in this experiment?

a. light color
b. light intensity
c. amount of light
d. temperature of light

A

a. light color

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6
Q

___ represents a formula for a chemical compound (molecule).

a. H
b. C
c. P
d. H2O

A

d. H2O

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7
Q

The total number of atoms in a molecule of sucrose, C12H22O11, is ____.

a. 11
b. 12
c. 22
d. 45

A

d. 45

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8
Q

A molecule of water (H2O) has which bonds?

a. one covalent bond
b. one ionic bond
c. two covalent bonds
d. two ionic bonds

A

c. two covalent bonds

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9
Q

A single covalent bond forms when two atoms do which of these?

a. when they share one electron
b. when they share two electrons
c. when one gives an electron to the other
d. when one gives two electrons to the other

A

b. when they share two electrons

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10
Q

Which is an example of a chemical reaction?

a. ice melting
b. iron rusting
c. sugar dissolving in water
d. water evaporating

A

b. iron rusting

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11
Q

Two substances are combined and heat is produced. Does this provide evidence that a chemical reaction took place?

a. No, because heat is not a chemical
b. No, because this would be a physical change.
c. Yes, because energy is absorbed.
d. Yes, because energy is released.

A

d. Yes, because energy is released.

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12
Q

Which element is found in proteins but not carbohydrates or lipids?

a. C
b. H
c. N
d. O

A

c. N

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13
Q

Which of the following molecules serves as the primary source of fuel for the cell?

a. carbohydrate
b. fat
c. protein
d. water

A

a. carbohydrate

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14
Q

Amino acids are the building blocks of which macromolecule?

a. carbohydrate
b. DNA
c. lipid
d. protein

A

d. protein

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15
Q

An organism’s genetic information is stored in which type of macromolecule?

a. DNA
b. carbohydrate
c. lipid
d. protein

A

a. DNA

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16
Q

The major building block of the macromolecule mentioned in #15 above would be

a. simple sugars
b. fatty acids
c. nucleotides
d. amino acids

A

c. nucleotides

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17
Q

Which statement is a fundamental principle of the cell theory?

a. All cells have a plasma membrane.
b. Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells.
c. Living organisms are composed of cells.
d. The genetic material in cells is DNA

A

c. Living organisms are composed of cells.

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18
Q

Which statement is true about bacterial cells?

a. The cells are very large.
b. The cells have no organelles.
c. They are eukaryotes.
d. They have organelles.

A

b. The cells have no organelles.

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19
Q

Cholesterol is repelled by water and can be found in animal membranes and between phospholipids in a layer of the plasma membrane. What can be concluded from this information?

a. A high cholesterol diet should be avoided.
b. Cholesterol is nonpolar.
c. Cholesterol is polar.
d. Cholesterol is repelled by the polar tails.

A

d. Cholesterol is repelled by the polar tails.

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20
Q

Which organelle converts sugars into energy?

a. lysosome
b. mitochondrion
c. nucleus
d. ribosome

A

b. mitochondrion

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21
Q

Chloroplasts are organelles that use light energy to synthesize sugars. These organelles are found only in plants. Which organelles are found only in animals?

a. golgi apparatus
b. lysosomes
c. mitochondria
d. ribosomes

A

b. lysosomes

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22
Q

A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the plant cell?

a. It will swell.
b. It will shrink.
c. It will stay the same.
d. It will wilt.

A

a. It will swell.

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23
Q

Cells are placed in an isotonic solution. Additional amounts of solutes are slowly added to the solution. What happens to the cells?

a. They will begin to swell.
b. They will burst.
c. They will stay the same.
d. They will shrink.

A

d. They will shrink.

24
Q

By the end of prophase, each of the following has occurred except ____.

a. tighter coiling of the chromosomes
b. breaking down of the nuclear envelope
c. disappearing of the nucleolus
d. lining up of chromosomes in the cell

A

d. lining up of chromosomes in the cell

25
Q

Which of the following occurs at the end of telophase?

a. chromosomes condense
b. chromosomes line up
c. chromosomes move to opposite poles
d. chromosomes uncoil and decondense

A

d. chromosomes uncoil and decondense

26
Q

A cell has 12 chromosomes. When this cell undergoes mitosis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have?

a. 4
b. 6
c. 12
d. 24

A

c. 12

27
Q

A cell has 12 chromosomes. When the cell undergoes meiosis, how many chromosomes will each gamete produced contain?

a. 4
b. 6
c. 12
d. 24

A

b. 6

28
Q

Question 28
What is the role of the spindle fibers?
a. to join homologous chromosomes together
b. to store nucleotides prior to DNA synthesis
c. to initiate the formation of the nuclear membrane
d. to move chromosomes in the cell

A

d. to move chromosomes in the cell

29
Q

Mendel took the pollen from a tall pea plant and pollinated the flower of a short pea plant. Before he did this, he removed the male parts of the flower on the short plant. Why was it important that he remove the male parts from the flower of the short plant?

a. because he wanted to prevent self pollination
b. because the short plant was heterozygous
c. because he wanted to generate new seeds in that plant
d. because the short plant was a mutant

A

a. because he wanted to prevent self pollination

30
Q

Which series is arranged in order from largest to smallest in size?

a. chromosome, nucleus, cell, DNA, nucleotide
b. cell, nucleus, chromosome, DNA, nucleotide
c. nucleotide, chromosome, cell, DNA, nucleus
d. cell, nucleotide, nucleus, DNA, chromosome

A

b. cell, nucleus, chromosome, DNA, nucleotide

31
Q

Within a decade of the introduction of a new insecticide, nearly all of the descendants of the target insects are resistant to the usual-sized dose. What is the most likely explanation for this change in susceptibility to the insecticide?

a. The insects really wanted to adapt to the selection pressure, so they survived by becoming resistant.
b. Eating the insecticide caused the insects to become less resistant to it.
c. The insecticide destroyed all the original insects. There will be no descendants at all.
d. Because some insects had genes that helped them survive, they were able to pass that resistance to their offspring.

A

d. Because some insects had genes that helped them survive, they were able to pass that resistance to their offspring.

32
Q

Consider the following equation:
C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
Where is most of the water in this reaction produced?
a. At the end of the electron transport chain
b. In the second reaction of the Krebs cycle
c. In fermentation
d. glycolysis

A

a. At the end of the electron transport chain

33
Q

Early investigators thought the oxygen produced by photosynthetic plants came from carbon dioxide. In fact, it comes from _____

a. water
b. electrons from NADPH
c. glucose
d. air

A

a. water

34
Q

Without oxygen, cellular respiration will not proceed to the ______ phase.

a. glycolysis
b. formation of acetyl CoA
c. Krebs cycle
d. electron transport system

A

b. formation of acetyl CoA

35
Q

Mitosis is the process of chromosome separation. Cytoplasm is divided between the two daughter cells in a process known as _____.

a. cloning
b. G1 phase
c. cytokinesis
d. binary fission

A

c. cytokinesis

36
Q

What is a major difference between mitosis and meiosis I?

a. Only meiosis I results in daughter cells that contain identical genetic information.
b. Sister chromatids separate in mitosis, and homologues separate in meiosis II.
c. Sister chromatids separate in mitosis, and homologues separate in meiosis I.
d. DNA replication takes place prior to mitosis, but not before meiosis I.

A

c. Sister chromatids separate in mitosis, and homologues separate in meiosis I.

37
Q

In the process of transcription, _____.

a. RNA is synthesized
b. DNA is synthesized
c. mRNA attaches to ribosomes
d. proteins are synthesized

A

a. RNA is synthesized

38
Q

Codons, the three base sequences that code for specific amino acids, are part of _____.

a. protein
b. rRNA
c. tRNA
d. mRNA

A

d. mRNA

39
Q

Which statement about spontaneous generation is NOT true?

a. It addresses the formation of living cells from previously nonliving material.
b. Pasteur demonstrated that it does not occur under normal laboratory conditions.
c. It apparently occurred at least once—when life on Earth began.
d. Pasteur demonstrated that it does not occur under any conditions.

A

c. It apparently occurred at least once—when life on Earth began.

40
Q

When testing a hypothesis using a controlled experimental design, the variable that the researcher is actually altering in the experiment is best described as the ___________________ variable.

a. dependent
b. independent
c. divergent
d. control

A

b. independent

41
Q

Which of the following is the ultimate source of energy for any living thing on our planet?

a. grass
b. sunlight
c. heat
d. water

A

b. sunlight

42
Q

When using a taxonomic key, which of the following pairs is actually used in the “binomial nomenclature” identification for a living thing?

a. Kingdom and Phylum
b. Class and Family
c. Order and Genus
d. Genus and Species

A

d. Genus and Species

43
Q

The type of variable that a researcher is measuring as the result of a controlled scientific experiment is the ___________ variable.

a. dependent
b. independent
c. divergent
d. controlled

A

a. dependent

44
Q

Which of these scientists was not directly involved in the discovery of DNA’s structure?

a. James Watson
b. Rosalind Franklin
c. Francis Crick
d. Sidney Altman

A

d. Sidney Altman

45
Q

Which of the following is NOT a difference between RNA and DNA?

a. One contains ribose sugar and the other contains a deoxyribose sugar.
b. One is made from nucleotide monomers and the other one is not.
c. One contains uracil and the other does not.
d. One is typically single stranded and the other is typically double stranded.

A

b. One is made from nucleotide monomers and the other one is not.

46
Q

A white mouse whose parents are both white produces only brown offspring when mated with a brown mouse. The white mouse is most probably ____.

a. homozygous recessive
b. heterozygous
c. homozygous dominant
d. haploid

A

a. homozygous recessive

47
Q

In mink, brown fur color is dominant to silver-blue fur color. If a homozygous brown mink is mated with a silver-blue mink and 8 offspring are produced, how many would be expected to be silver-blue?

a. 0
b. 3
c. 6
d. 8

A

a. 0

48
Q

A heterozygous organism is best described as which of these?

a. dominant
b. genotype
c. hybrid
d. true-breeding

A

c. hybrid

49
Q

If two heterozygous individuals are crossed, what percent of their offspring are also expected to be heterozygous?

a. 0
b. 50
c. 75
d. 100

A

b. 50

50
Q

Which of the following sequences of processes correctly reflects the central dogma of biology?

a. protein synthesis, transcription, translation
b. protein synthesis, translation, transcription
c. transcription, translation, protein synthesis
d. translation, transcription, protein synthesis

A

a. protein synthesis, transcription, translation

51
Q

In comparison to eukaryotes, prokaryotes _____.

a. are more structurally complex
b. are larger
c. lack a plasma membrane
d. are smaller

A

d. are smaller

52
Q

The study of similar structures in different species is also known as _______________.

a. sequence homology
b. structural homology
c. punctuated homology
d. neo-Darwinian homology

A

b. structural homology

53
Q

A Darwinian study of the geological column makes all of the following assumptions EXCEPT

a. the materials found in the geological column were laid down over long periods of time
b. the oldest material in the geological column is found at the bottom of the column
c. all locations on earth display different geological columns containing different populations of fossils
d. the oldest fossils are found lower down in the geological column

A

c. all locations on earth display different geological columns containing different populations of fossils

54
Q

Neo-Darwinism tries to explain ______.

a. why transitional forms are not found in the fossil record
b. why structural homology is similar in different species.
c. why multiple species are located within the Burgess Shale (Cambrian explosion)
d. the amino acid sequence similarities between species

A

a. why transitional forms are not found in the fossil record

55
Q

Identify the organelles that assist with the cells function of biosynthesis.

a. cell wall, plasma membrane and central vacuole
b. mitochondria, lysosomes and secretion vesicles
c. nucleus, plasma membrane and lysosomes
d. ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and golgi bodies

A

d. ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and golgi bodies

56
Q

Match the organelle with its function.

  1. plasma membrane
  2. mitochondria
  3. Golgi bodies
  4. central vacuole
  5. lysosome
    a. responsible for hydrolysis reactions in a cell, breaks down larger moleculesThis answer is correct.
    b. converts glucose into energy
    c. stores proteins and lipids, tags and prepares molecules to leave the cell
    d. protects the cell, monitors what comes in and out of the cell.
    e. sits in the middle of the cell, filled with high concentration of solutes so water will flow in
A
  1. plasma membrane d. protects the cell, monitors what comes in and out of the cell.
  2. mitochondria b. converts glucose into energy
  3. Golgi bodies c. stores proteins and lipids, tags and prepares molecules to leave the cell
  4. central vacuole e. sits in the middle of the cell, filled with high concentration of solutes so water will flow in
  5. lysosome a. responsible for hydrolysis reactions in a cell, breaks down larger molecules

Exploring Creation with Biology (17 decks)

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