Module 10: Stimulants & NPS Flashcards
COCAINE: Structurally different from other local anesthetics because of this moiety:
Thioester, Amide, Tropine, Ether, Sulfoxide
Tropine
Cocaine prevents the reuptake of these 3 neurotransmitters:
Serotonin, Norepinephrine, Dopamine
After Cocaine use, this forms by spontaneous hydrolysis at physiological and alkaline pH:
BE
True or False: Cocaine can readily be assayed by GC/MS without derivatization.
True
True or False: BE can readily be assayed by GC/MS without derivatization.
False
Cocaine is readily extracted at this pH range:
8-9
An important metabolite of Cocaine to detect in meconium samples:
m-hydroxybenzoylecgonine
A unique cocaine metabolite in postmortem blood and urine after smoking of cocaine:
Methylecgonidine
The primary analyte detected in hair following cocaine use:
Cocaine, Ecgonine methyl ester, Norcocaine, Ecgonine, Benzoylecgonine
Cocaine
Approximate cocaine half-life:
1.5 hours
In the U.S. Federal Workplace Drug Testing Program, the confirmation cut-off for benzoylecgonine:
150 ng/mL
Cocaine and its ester metabolites are susceptible to hydrolysis under what temperature and pH conditions:
High temperature and alkaline
True or False: The addition of NaF to a collection container will inhibit the spontaneous chemical hydrolysis of cocaine to benzoylecgonine.
False
This route of administration consistently produces 100% drug bioavailability:
IV
Cocaine is metabolized to ecgonine methyl ester via enzymatic hydrolysis by:
Plasma pseudocholinesterase
Cocaine and pupils:
Dilation
What is the MOST hepatotoxic metabolite of Cocaine:
Norcocaine
True or False: Benzoylecgonine is pharmacologically active.
False
Methamphetamine stimulates the CNS by displacing this neurotransmitter from nerve terminal storage vesicles:
Dopamine
Methamphetamine -> Amphetamine:
O-demethylation, N-Deacytylation, N-demethylation, Hydroxylation, N-Methylation
N-demethylation
Used in over-the-counter nasal inhalers (include Isomer):
L-Methamphetamine
Methamphetamine and pupils:
Dilation
This drug was removed from over-the-counter sales in 2005:
PPA
Other name for 5-HT receptors:
Serotonin receptors
This drug has no effect on 5-HT:
Methamphetamine, Amphetamine, MDMA, Phentermine, All of the above
Phentermine
*Think 5-HT = serotonin
_____ isomers can result from the reaction of an asymmetric sample with an asymmetric derivatizing reagent.
Four
Selegiline is metabolized to:
L-Methamphetamine and L-Amphetamine
Selective 5-HT neurotoxin.
MDMA, MDEA, Methamphetamine, MDA, Amphetamine
MDMA
*Think 5-HT = serotonin
Chemical ionization GC/MS distinguishes methamphetamine from phentermine because phentermine yields a distinct _____ ion.
133
The l-isomer of methamphetamine has approximately _____ potency of its d-isomer.
10%
This drug currently has no recognized medical use in the United States:
Methamphetamine, MDMA, Amphetamine, Phentermine, Cocaine
MDMA
*Think: MDMA is the only schedule I of the listed drugs
In 2005, these 3 drugs became of limited availability to combat the methamphetamine epidemic:
PPA, Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine
True or False: Illicitly manufactured Methamphetamine is only comprised of d-methamphetamine.
False
The stage of methamphetamine use where a person may act out in a violent and aggressive manner is referred to as the _____ stage:
Binge, Tweaking, Crash, Rush, Withdrawal
Tweaking
When tested using the Marquis color test methamphetamine and amphetamine mixtures turn:
Orange to Red
When tested using the Marquis color test MDMA and MDA mixtures turn:
Purple to Black
Amines: two isomers –>
Which form has a longer half life and is 10% of potency?
Which form has a shorter half life and more CNS activity?
Which form has a longer half life and is 10% of potency? L
Which form has a shorter half life and more CNS activity? D
Ephedrine/Pseudoephedrine may be metabolized in small amounts to what?
PPA
Excretion of Amines is pH dependent.
A more acidic urine causes half life to ____ while a more alkaline urine causes half life to _____.
Decrease;
Increase
6 Stages of Amine Use
Rush (5 min)
Binge (1-5 days)
Tweaking (4-24 hours)
Crash (1-3 days)
Normal (2-7 days)
Withdrawal
Approximate half-life of Methamphetamine:
10 hours`
Approximate half-life of MDMA/MDA:
6 hours
Approximate % of cocaine and metabolites excreted in urine:
<10% unchanged
25-50% BE
20-40% EME
2-3% Ecgonine
Molecule that has both a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic portion
What is an example?
Zwitterion
BE
