Module 10 HCV

Question 1

When was the first identified HCV ?

Answer 1

1988

Question 2

HCV is…?

Answer 2

Containing single strand of RNA virus, transmitted by percutaneous contact through injection drug use or exposure to infected blood or blood products. ( commonly spread through blood transfusions, organ transplants )

Question 3

In 2013 …. ?

Answer 3

29,718 new hepatitis C virus infections in United States.

Question 4

CDC estimates that ….?

Answer 4

2,7-3,9 million people in the U.S have chronic HCV infection.

Question 5

The risk of seroconversion after percutaneous occupational exposure is ….?

Answer 5

Approximately 1,8%, if the source blood is seropositive for HCV.
This is the considerably HIGHER than the risk of percutaneous occupational exposure due to HIV seropositive blood, LOWER than the risk of seroconversion after percutaneous occupational exposure to HBV seropositive fluids.

Question 6

HCV acute symptoms ?

Answer 6

Flu-like symptoms, joint aches, mild skin rash, grey colored stool, darker than normal urine color. Practitioners should be aware that less than 30% of those infected with HCV manifest acute disease symptoms.

Question 7

What is the 60% about HCV ?

Answer 7

Individuals with a history of injection drug use represent 60% of those infected. As many as 80% of injections drug users are found to be infected HCV and are often co-infected with HIV 30-50%.

Question 8

Transmitted by sexual contact 15%…?

Answer 8

HCV

Question 9

HCV is spread from…?

Answer 9

Mother to baby. About 10% of those infected have no recognizable source of infection.

Question 10

HCV is most efficiently transmitted by…?

Answer 10

Exposures that involve direct passage of blood through the skin, particularly with hollow-bore needles.

Question 11

HCV can remain viable outside the body for….?

Answer 11

4 - 5 days

Question 12

How many percent for HCV infection without further problems?

Answer 12

15-25% of those infected clear their HCV infection without further problems.

Question 13

HCV chronic infection and chronic hepatitis?

Answer 13

75-85% will develop chronic infection
60-70% will go on to develop chronic hepatitis

Question 14

Cirrhosis of the liver occurs in….?

Answer 14

At least 5-20% of patients over 20-30 year period

Question 15

Hepatocellular carcinoma ( liver cancer ) occurs in ….?

Answer 15

1-5% of cases

Question 16

People infected with HCV should be vaccinated for….?

Answer 16

HAV and HBV to prevent further complications of their disease.

Question 17

HCV incubation period is…?

Answer 17

14-180 days, most cases occurring 5-10 weeks after exposure

Question 18

HCV 1 week after exposure through…?

Answer 18

Chronic stage

Question 19

Most cases of HDV occur in….?

Answer 19

Injection drug users and hemophiliacs, percutaneous or mucosal contact with infectious blood.

Question 20

HDV survival in the environment…?

Answer 20

HDV is found with HBV. HBV can be capable of causing infection for a week.

Question 21

What is HEV ?

Answer 21

Spread by fecal-oral transmission. Where drinking water is contaminated by feces from infected animals and humans. HEV is rarely seen in the U.S. infection from person to person is less than with HAV.

Question 22

HEV incubation period?

Answer 22

15-60 days, average 40 days

Question 23

HEV symptoms?

Answer 23

Sudden onset of fever, malaise, nausea, anorexia, mild illness lasting 7-14days to a severely disabling disease lasting several months.

Question 24

Pregnant women have a mortality rate of ….?

Answer 24

20%

Question 25

What is chronic persistent?

Answer 25

Chronic persistent carrier is asymptomatic or has minimal symptoms, but can continue to infect others.

Question 26

What is chronic active?

Answer 26

A chronic active carrier has progressive symptomatic disease that continues to damage the liver.

Question 27

Hepatitis B becomes chronic in ….. of infections, HCV in …… of infections ?

Answer 27

HBV becomes chronic in 5-10% of infections, HCV in 75-85% of infections.

Question 28

When was the the provide guidelines to prevent transmission of hepatitis within acupuncture clinic settings?

Answer 28

Protocol in 1984,
Since that time, the incidence of HBV through acupuncture has dramatically decreased.