Module 10 HCV Flashcards
When was the first identified HCV ?
1988
HCV is…?
Containing single strand of RNA virus, transmitted by percutaneous contact through injection drug use or exposure to infected blood or blood products. ( commonly spread through blood transfusions, organ transplants )
In 2013 …. ?
29,718 new hepatitis C virus infections in United States.
CDC estimates that ….?
2,7-3,9 million people in the U.S have chronic HCV infection.
The risk of seroconversion after percutaneous occupational exposure is ….?
Approximately 1,8%, if the source blood is seropositive for HCV.
This is the considerably HIGHER than the risk of percutaneous occupational exposure due to HIV seropositive blood, LOWER than the risk of seroconversion after percutaneous occupational exposure to HBV seropositive fluids.
HCV acute symptoms ?
Flu-like symptoms, joint aches, mild skin rash, grey colored stool, darker than normal urine color. Practitioners should be aware that less than 30% of those infected with HCV manifest acute disease symptoms.
What is the 60% about HCV ?
Individuals with a history of injection drug use represent 60% of those infected. As many as 80% of injections drug users are found to be infected HCV and are often co-infected with HIV 30-50%.
Transmitted by sexual contact 15%…?
HCV
HCV is spread from…?
Mother to baby. About 10% of those infected have no recognizable source of infection.
HCV is most efficiently transmitted by…?
Exposures that involve direct passage of blood through the skin, particularly with hollow-bore needles.
HCV can remain viable outside the body for….?
4 - 5 days
How many percent for HCV infection without further problems?
15-25% of those infected clear their HCV infection without further problems.
HCV chronic infection and chronic hepatitis?
75-85% will develop chronic infection
60-70% will go on to develop chronic hepatitis
Cirrhosis of the liver occurs in….?
At least 5-20% of patients over 20-30 year period
Hepatocellular carcinoma ( liver cancer ) occurs in ….?
1-5% of cases
People infected with HCV should be vaccinated for….?
HAV and HBV to prevent further complications of their disease.
HCV incubation period is…?
14-180 days, most cases occurring 5-10 weeks after exposure
HCV 1 week after exposure through…?
Chronic stage
Most cases of HDV occur in….?
Injection drug users and hemophiliacs, percutaneous or mucosal contact with infectious blood.
HDV survival in the environment…?
HDV is found with HBV. HBV can be capable of causing infection for a week.
What is HEV ?
Spread by fecal-oral transmission. Where drinking water is contaminated by feces from infected animals and humans. HEV is rarely seen in the U.S. infection from person to person is less than with HAV.
HEV incubation period?
15-60 days, average 40 days
HEV symptoms?
Sudden onset of fever, malaise, nausea, anorexia, mild illness lasting 7-14days to a severely disabling disease lasting several months.
Pregnant women have a mortality rate of ….?
20%
What is chronic persistent?
Chronic persistent carrier is asymptomatic or has minimal symptoms, but can continue to infect others.
What is chronic active?
A chronic active carrier has progressive symptomatic disease that continues to damage the liver.
Hepatitis B becomes chronic in ….. of infections, HCV in …… of infections ?
HBV becomes chronic in 5-10% of infections, HCV in 75-85% of infections.
When was the the provide guidelines to prevent transmission of hepatitis within acupuncture clinic settings?
Protocol in 1984,
Since that time, the incidence of HBV through acupuncture has dramatically decreased.
