Module 10 HBV

Question 1

What is the Natural barriers?

Answer 1

Natural barriers include intact skin and mucous membranes of the nose, throat, urethra and rectum. Also include stomach acid.

Question 2

What is that Autogenous infections?

Answer 2

From within patient ( skin pathogen, skin wounds, cuts)

Question 3

What is the Cross infections?

Answer 3

From another person or environment ( from contact between patient and practitioner, unwashed hands, contaminated implements)
Associated with cross infections include the HBV, HIV, MRSA.

Question 4

OSHA has adopted…

Answer 4

Recommendations for training and vaccination of at-risk staff members. The CDC strongly recommends that all healthcare workers be vaccinated for the HBV.

Question 5

OSHA requires that the employer must offer vaccination to the healthcare worker at no charge. If the employee refuses to be vaccinated for HBV ?

Answer 5

This employee should be required to complete and sign a document stating that he or she understands the risk of not being vaccinated and is refusing the vaccination in spite of the risk of HBV infection.

Question 6

HAV formerly called ? Transmission ways?

Answer 6

Infectious hepatitis or Short-incubation hepatitis
Oral-fecal, poor sanitation, contaminated food and water

Question 7

The incubation period of HAV ?

Answer 7

15 - 50 days, average 28 days.

Question 8

HAV symptoms ?

Answer 8

Jaundice, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea
Symptoms usually last less than 2 months.

Question 9

HAV is not chronic infection, but ?

Answer 9

Approximately 15% of people infected with HAV have a prolonged or relapsing course of illness lasting as long as 6-9 months. Individuals who have had HAV cannot be re-infected.

Question 10

HAV vaccinations for childhood since?

Answer 10

Since 1999

Question 11

HAV - how long can live outside the body surfaces ?

Answer 11

1 months, depending on the environmental conditions

Question 12

What is the HBV transmission ways?

Answer 12

Contaminated blood and body fluids, injection drug users, who have sex with men ( infected person should not share any items, including razors and toothbrushes

Question 13

HBV is one of the

Answer 13

Blood-borne pathogens presenting a significant risk of infection in the acupuncture clinic environment.

Question 14

HBV can survive outside the body ?

Answer 14

At least 7 days and still be capable of causing infection

Question 15

How many people have infected HBV in United states?

Answer 15

Estimated 800,000 - 1,4 million people

Question 16

HBV is 22%-31% ?

Answer 16

The risk of healthcare worker developing hepatitis following exposure to HBV

Question 17

37% - 62% what is that ?

Answer 17

The risk of developing serologic (ийлдэс шинжилгээ) evidence of infection

Question 18

6% - 30% ?

Answer 18

After needlestick exposure to an HBV - infected patient, but is virtually zero if that HCWs has been immunized against HBV

Question 19

HBV may also be transmitted ?

Answer 19

Perinatally. HBV is not spread through sharing utensils, casual contact, or breastfeeding. HBV is able to remain on any surface it comes into contact with for a bout week, table tops, razor blades, blood stains,

Question 20

70%-75% ?

Answer 20

For HCWs multiple doses of HBV immune globulin or hepatitis B vaccine alone is 70%-75% effective in preventing sequelae of HBV exposure.

Question 21

When was developed HBV vaccination?

Answer 21

Since1981, CDC recommends 3 injections, immunity last over 20years

Question 22

When was starting vaccination for all children aged 0-18 years?

Answer 22

In October 1997, Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices

Question 23

What is that incubation period for HBV ?

Answer 23

45-160 days

Question 24

What is the HBV early symptoms?

Answer 24

Mild flu-like symptoms, such as fever (in 60% of cases) insidious onset of anorexia, abdominal pain. These symptoms last from 2 to 6 weeks.

Question 25

HBV symptomatic, how many percent?

Answer 25

Approximately 30% of those infected have no signs and symptoms. Children with HBV are often asymptomatic.

Question 26

Among infants…?

Answer 26

Who acquire HBV infection from their mothers at birth, up to 90% become chronically infected.

Question 27

HBV chronic state:

Answer 27

1. Up to 90% - infants
2. 25-50% ( 30% ) - children infected at age 1-5 years becoming chronically infected
3. 6-10% - 5years to adult all acute HBV infections progress to chronic infection

Question 28

HBV risk is…?

Answer 28

Higher than the approximately 0,3% cited for HIV.