module 10- earths structure

Question 1

layers of earth

Answer 1

• crust
• mantle
• outer core
• iner core

Question 2

crust

Answer 2

outermost rocky shell at the surface of the earth, it makes up 1% of the earths volume.

Question 3

mantle

Answer 3

thickest layer of earth makes up 84% of earths volume.

Question 4

core

Answer 4

mainly made out of metal.
outer-iron in a liquid state
inner- solid ball of nickel iron alloy.

Question 5

weathering

Answer 5

the alteration or breakdown of rock or soil

Question 6

physical wathering

Answer 6

breakdown of rocks or soil caused by changes in temperature or pressure.

Question 7

chemical weathering

Answer 7

when a rocks composition changes, due to a chemical change, (ex. rainwater reacts with mineral changing the rocks colors)

Question 8

arosion

Answer 8

the mechanism responsible for the transportation or removal of material

Question 9

doposition

Answer 9

the process in which soil sediment or rocks are added to a landform

Question 10

meanders

Answer 10

curves in a river, formed when sediment is eroded from one point and deposited at another,

Question 11

river valleys

Answer 11

can be produced by river erosion

Question 12

river erosion

Answer 12

River erosion typically forms sharp, “V”-shaped valleys that have steep sides and a narrow bottom. The Grand Canyon is an example of a river valley.

Question 13

sedimentary rocks

Answer 13

are made up of weathered particles, such as sand, silt, clay, gravel, cobbles, or even occasionally boulders, that have been cemented together into hard rock.
-sedimentary rocks are often easy to identify because of their visible layers that are formed by the deposition of layers of sediment on top of each other.
ex. limestone
fossils

Question 14

igneous rocks

Answer 14

form by lava or magma

• creates larger crystals in which individual minerals can be distinguished from one another.
  ex. granite

Question 15

metamorphic rock

Answer 15

a rock that has been changed from its original form. Metamorphism typically occurs when a rock is partially buried and exposed to elevated temperatures and pressures that are not extreme enough to completely melt the rock.

Question 16

rock cycle

Answer 16

lava hardens to form an INGENOUS rock, erosion may break down the rock to sediment and carry in a river, where it would be buried and compressed and converted in to a SEDIMENTARY rock., then the pressure would turn it into a METAMORPHIC rock and the heat could turn it into a magma or ingenues rock

Question 17

geologic time scale

Answer 17

the scale to measure the change over the course of earths history

Question 18

EON

Answer 18

the broadest interval of earths history

Question 19

4 eaons

Answer 19

-hadean
-archean
-proterozoic
(first 3 is the precambrian era)
-phanerozoic

Question 20

analog

Answer 20

close approximation or direct analogy of the long term behavior of materials and process found in a geologic feature

Question 21

principle of superposition,

Answer 21

which states that in any sequence of undeformed sedimentary rocks, a layer will be older than any layer above it and younger than any layer below it

Question 22

unconformity

Answer 22

a buried erosional surface. suggests a period for which no rock record exists

Question 23

theory of tectonic plates

Answer 23

states that Earth’s outermost layer (the crust and the uppermost mantle) consists of separate pieces that are moving slowly relative to each other.

Question 24

convergent boundary

Answer 24

plates pushing into each other.

• oceanic to continental
• oceanic to oceanic
• continental to continental
• volcano
• most powerful

Question 25

divergent boundary

Answer 25

plates moving apart from each other

• oceanic:submarine volcanos
• continental: forms new oceans
• least strong earthquakes

Question 26

transform boundary

Answer 26

grinding past each other

- volcanos are not common`