Module 10 Flashcards
define: genomics
the study of the entire complement of genetic information within an organisms
what does genomics focus on
- genome & its associated genes
- regulatory sequences
- noncoding sequences
define: comparative genomics
comparing sequenced genomes from many microorganisms
which branch of genomics provides insight into evolutionary histories and relationships among branches of the tree of life
comparative genomics
what percentage of sequenced genes from most microorganisms have unknown function
~1/3
define: functional genomics
discipline that determines the functions of unknown genes
which branch of genomics involves constructing mutants and analyzing the biochemical and physiological effects of the mutations
functional genomics
define: proteomics
analysis of the structure, function, and regulations of proteins
define: transcriptomics
analysis of all of the transcripts in the genome at once
define: metagenomics
extraction and analysis of DNA directly from an environmental sample
what are the steps of Sanger/Dideoxy sequencing
- cloning gene fragments of interest
- DNA synthesis
- electrophoresis
what does Sanger/Dideoxy sequencing produce
an electropherogram
what are dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs)
deoxynucleotides that lack the 3’ hydroxyl groups that allow for continued DNA synthesis
what are terminator nucleotides
a way of referring to dideoxynucleotides
what is the use of fluorophores in Sanger sequencing
fluorophores are attached to terminators which allows them to be scanned for
what is primer walking used for
obtaining longer sequences
how does primer walking work
using repeated rounds of sequencing with primers complementary to the end of the last sequenced segment
what are some high-throughput sequencing methods
- pyrosequencing
- Ion Torrent
- Illumina
what are the advantages of high-throughput sequencing compared to Sanger sequencing
- provides hundreds of thousands or millions of sequences simultaneously
- a fraction of the per-second cost
what are the disadvantages of high-throughput sequencing compared to Sanger sequencing
- generates sequences that are a few hundred bases in length
- has higher error rates