Module 1- Vocabulary

Question 1

Linguistic competence-

Answer 1

What we know when we know a language, the unconscious knowledge that a speaker has about her or his native language.

Question 2

Linguistic performance-

Answer 2

The observable use of language.

Question 3

Performance error-

Answer 3

Errors in language production or comprehension, including hesitations or slips of the tongue.

Question 4

Speech communication chain-

Answer 4

Process in which information is communicated, consisting of an information source, transmitter, signal, receiver and destination.

Question 5

Speech communication chain steps-

Answer 5

1.Think of what you want to communicate 2.Pick out words to express idea 3. Put words together in a certain order following rules. 4. Figure out how to pronounce these words. 5. Send those pronunciations to your vocal anatomy. 6. Speak. 7. Perceive: Listeners hear the sounds 8. Decode: Listener interprets sounds as language. 9. Connect: Listener receives communicated idea.

Question 6

Noise-

Answer 6

Interference in the communication chain.

Question 7

Lexicon-

Answer 7

Mental repository of linguistic information about words and other lexical expressions, including form, meaning, morphological and synaptic properties.

Question 8

Mental grammar-

Answer 8

The mental representation of grammar; the knowledge that a speaker has about the linguistic units and rules of his native language.

Question 9

Language variation-

Answer 9

The property of languages having different ways to express the same meanings in different contexts according to factors such as geography, social class, and gender.

Question 10

Descriptive grammar-

Answer 10

Objective description of a speaker’s knowledge of a language based on their use of the language.

Question 11

Evidence that writing and language are not the same-

Answer 11

1. Archaeological evidence 2. Writing must be taught 3. Writing can be edited 4. Neurolinguistic evidence

Question 12

Reasons some people believe writing to be superior to speech-

Answer 12

1. Writing can be edited 2. Writing must be taught 3. Writing is more physically stable

Question 13

Prescriptive grammar-

Answer 13

A set of rules designed to give instructions regarding the socially embedded notion of the “correct” or “proper” way to speak or write.

Question 14

Prescribe-

Answer 14

Use of rules and conventions to tell a speaker the way he should or shouldn’t use a language.

Question 15

Charles Hackett’s nine design features-

Answer 15

1. Communication 2. Semanticity 3. Pragmatic function 4. Interchangeability 5. Cultural transmission 6. Arbitrariness 7. Discreteness 8. Displacement 9. Productivity

Question 16

Mode of communication-

Answer 16

Through which a message is transmitted for any given communication system.

Question 17

Semanticity-

Answer 17

Property of having signals that convey a meaning, shared by all communication systems.

Question 18

Pragmatic function-

Answer 18

The useful purpose of any given communication system.

Question 19

Interchangeability-

Answer 19

The property of a communication system by which all individuals have the ability to both transmit and review messages.

Question 20

Cultural transmission-

Answer 20

Property of a communication system referring to the fact that at least some aspects of it are learned through interaction with other users of the system.

Question 21

Arbitrariness-

Answer 21

Refers to the fact that word’s meaning is not predictable from its linguistic form, nor is its form dictated by its meaning.

Question 22

Linguistic sign-

Answer 22

The combination of a linguistic form and its meaning.

Question 23

Convention-

Answer 23

Something that is established, commonly agreed upon, or operating in a certain way according to common practice

Question 24

Nonarbitrariness-

Answer 24

Direct correspondence between the physical properties of a form and the meaning that the form refers to

Question 25

Iconic-

Answer 25

Describes a relationship between form and meaning such that the form of a word bears a resemblance to its meaning

Question 26

Onomatopoeia-

Answer 26

Iconic use of words that are imitative of sound occurring in nature or that have meaning that are associated with such sounds.

Question 27

Conventionalized-

Answer 27

The adjective to describe a convention in society.

Question 28

Sound symbolism-

Answer 28

Phenomenon by which certain sounds are evocative of a certain meaning

Question 29

Discreteness-

Answer 29

The property of communication systems by which complex messages may be built up out of smaller parts.

Question 30

Displacement-

Answer 30

The property of some communication systems that allows them to be used to communicate about things, actions, and ideas that are not present at the place or time of communication.

Question 31

Productivity-

Answer 31

The capacity of a communication system, unique to human language, for novel messages built out of discrete units to be produced and understood.

Question 32

Modality-

Answer 32

Mode of communication

Question 33

Myths about signed languages-

Answer 33

1. derive from spoken languages, rather them being languages in there own right. 2. Sign languages are pantomime (manual codes) 3. Sign languages are the same all over the world.

Question 34

Differences about codes and languages-

Answer 34

1. A code is an artificially constructed system for representing a natural language. 2. Signed language evolves naturally and independently of spoken languages. 3. Codes never have a native speaker and language does. 4. Signed languages are learned natively by both hearing and deaf people all over the world.