Chapter 8_Language Acquisition

Question 1

Innate

Answer 1

Determined by factors present from birth.

Question 2

Imitation theory

Answer 2

Child language acquisition theory that claims that children acquire language by listening to the speech

Question 3

Reinforcement theory

Answer 3

Theory of child language acquisition which says that children learn to speak like adults

Question 4

Active construction

Answer 4

Theory of child language based on rules of grammar

Question 5

Linguistic universals

Answer 5

Property believed to be held in common by All natural languages.

Question 6

Universal grammar

Answer 6

The theory that posits a set of grammatical characteristics shared by all natural language.

Question 7

Homesign

Answer 7

A rudimentary visual-gestural communication

Question 8

Rules

Answer 8

A formal statement of an observed generalization about patterns in language.

Question 9

Social interaction theory

Answer 9

Theory of language acquisition that children acquire language with older children and adults.

Question 10

High amplitude sucking

Answer 10

Experimental technique used to study sound discrimination in infants from birth to about six months.

Question 11

Conditioned head-turn procedure

Answer 11

technique usually used with infants between five and eighteen months

Question 12

Voice onset time

Answer 12

The length of time between the release of a consonant and onset of voicing

Question 13

articulatory gestures

Answer 13

A movement of a speech organ

Question 14

babbling

Answer 14

A phase in child language during which the child produces meaningless sequences

Question 15

Canonical babbling

Answer 15

The continuous repetition of sequences of vowels and consonants

Question 16

Variegated babbling

Answer 16

Production of meaningless consonant-vowel sequences by infants.

Question 17

holophrastic stage

Answer 17

Stage in first-language acquisition

Question 18

Telegraphic stage

Answer 18

A phase during child language acquisition in which children use utterances

Question 19

plaintext

Answer 19

the original non-encoded text.

Question 20

overgeneralization

Answer 20

Study of child language acquisition between child and adult.

Question 21

Negatives politeness

Answer 21

In face theory

Question 22

complexive concept

Answer 22

A term used in the study of child language acquisition

Question 23

overextention

Answer 23

In the study of child language acquisition.

Question 24

underextension

Answer 24

Application of a word to a smaller set of objects

Question 25

Relational term

Answer 25

Relationship between adjective and noun

Question 26

deictic expressions

Answer 26

word or expression that takes its meaning relative to the time.

Question 27

infant directed speech

Answer 27

Speech used by parents to their child.

Question 28

Child-directed speech

Answer 28

Speech used by parents to communicate with their child

Question 29

Attention getters

Answer 29

word or phase used to initiate an address to children

Question 30

Attention holders

Answer 30

A tactic used to maintain Children’s attention

Question 31

conversational turns

Answer 31

The contribution to a conversation made by one speaker.

Question 32

multilingual

Answer 32

The state of commanding three or more languages.

Question 33

bilingual

Answer 33

State of commanding two languages

Question 34

Second-language acquistion

Answer 34

Acquisition of a second language as a teenager

Question 35

Language mixing

Answer 35

code-switching

Question 36

Foreign accent

Answer 36

An accent that is marked by the phonology of another language

Question 37

fossilization

Answer 37

Process through which forms from a speaker’s non-native language

Question 38

transfer

Answer 38

The influence of one’s native language on the learning of subsequent language

Question 39

code switching

Answer 39

Using words or structural elements from more than one language

Question 40

Naturalness

Answer 40

In speech synthisis