chapter 2 vocabulary

Question 1

monophthongs

Answer 1

A simple vowel composed of a single configuration of the vocal organs.

Question 2

Bilabial

Answer 2

sound produced my bringing both lips together

Question 3

Labiodental

Answer 3

sound produced by making contact between the lower lip and the upper teeth

Question 4

Interdentals

Answer 4

sound produced by positioning the tip of the tongue between the upper and lower teeth

Question 5

alveolar

Answer 5

sound produced by raising the front of the tongue toward the alveolar ridge

Question 6

palatal

Answer 6

sound made by raising the body of the tongue toward the hard part of the roof of the mouth

Question 7

velar

Answer 7

sound produced by raising the back of the tongue toward the velum

Question 8

glottal

Answer 8

sounds produced at the larynx

Question 9

fricative

Answer 9

sound made by forming a nearly complete obstruction of the airstream so that when air passes through the small passages, turbulent air flow is produced

Question 10

Affricate

Answer 10

sound produced by complete obstruction of the air flow followed by a slight release of the obstruction, allowing friction

Question 11

glide

Answer 11

sound produced with a constriction in the vocal tract that is only slightly more constricted than that of vowels

Question 12

vowel space

Answer 12

the range of possible vowel sounds of a language from the high front vowel to the high back vowel. Languages and dialects choose a subset of possibilities in the vowel space but do not exploit all possibilities

Question 13

palatalized

Answer 13

a term used to describe the articulation of a sound which involves the tongue moving toward the hard pallet

Question 14

intonation

Answer 14

commonly refers to the pattern of pitch movements across a stretch of speech such as a sentence

Question 15

periodic wave

Answer 15

sound wave that repeats itself at regular intervals

Question 16

harmonic

Answer 16

over tone of the fundamental of the frequency of the vocal tract, multiple of the fundamental frequency

Question 17

fundamental frequency

Answer 17

the rate at which the vocal folds vibrate during voicing. The frequency of a periodic wave closely related to pitch

Question 18

spectogram

Answer 18

a three dimensional representation of sound in which the vertical axis represents frequency, the horizontal axis represents time, and the darkness of shading represents amplitude

Question 19

aspiration

Answer 19

a puff of air that follows the release of a consonant when their is delay in the onset of voicing

Question 20

semivowel

Answer 20

glides