Chapter 6_ Semantics Flashcards
Hyponymy
A meaning relationship between words.
Synonymy
A meaning relationship between words, where their reference is exactly the same.
Sister words
Words that, in terms of their reference.
Antonymy
A meaning relationship between words where their meanings are in some sense opposite.
Gradable Antonyms
Words that are antonyms and denote opposite ends of a scale.
Truth Value
Either true or false.
Converses
Antonym in which the first word of the pair suggests a point of view opposite to that of the second word.
Entailment
A relationship between proposition where a proposition is said to entail another proposition.
Truth conditions
The set of conditions that would have to hold in the world in order for the proposition.
incompatible
The relationship between two proposition where it is impossible for both of them.
Principle of compositionality
The notion that the meaning of a Parasal expression is predictable from the meaning of the expressions it contains and how they were syntactically combined.
Compositional
The Meaning of a phrasal expression that is predictable from meanings of smaller expressions.
Pure intersection
The relationships between the reference of an adjective and a noun it modifies such that each picks out a particular group of things.
Non intersection
An adjective whose reference is a subset of the set that the noun it modifies refers to.
Anti intersection
An adjective whose referent are not in the set referred to by the noun that it modifies.
Relative intersection
Type of relationship between adjective and noun reference where the reference of the adjective is determined relative.
Intersective adjectives``
An adjective whose reference is determined independently from the reference.
Subsective adj
Adjective whose reference is included in the set of things that the noun they modify refers to.
proposition
The sense expressed by a sentence.
complementary
Pair of antonyms such that everything must be described by the first word.
Hypernym
A meaning relationship between words.
Mental image
A conception of a words sense as a picture in the mind.
sense
A mental representation of an expression meaning.
Reference
A component of linguistic meaning that relates the since of some expressions
Referents
An actual entity or an individual in the world to which some expression refers.
Semantics
The study of linguistic meaning.
Lexical semantics
A Suffield of semantics that studies meaning of lexical expressions
Compositional semantics
The meaning of a phrasal expression .
diacritic
An extra mark on a written symbol.
prototype
For any given set, member that exhibits the typical qualities of the members of that set
