chapter 4 vocabulary Flashcards
affix
Bound morpheme that attaches to a stem
affixation
Process by forming words by adding affixes to morphemes
agglutinating language
A type of synthetic language in which the relationships between words in a sentence are indicated primarily by bound morphemes
allomorph
One of a set of non distinctive realizations of a particular morpheme that have the same function and are phonetically similar
alternation
In phonology, a difference between two or more phonetic forms that one might expect to be related
ambiguity
The phenomenon by which a single linguistic form can be the form of more than one distinct linguistic expression
analytic language
Type of language in which most words consist of one morpheme and sentences are composed of sequences of these free morphemes
Bound morpheme
Morpheme that always attaches to other morpheme, never existing as a word itself
Bound root
Morpheme that has some associated basic meaning, but that it is able to stand a lone as a word in its one right
Closed lexical category
In which the members are fairly rigidly established in additions are made very rarely and only long periods of time
compounding
word formation process by which words are formed through combining two or more independent words
Conjunction
A lexical category that consists of function words
Content morpheme
Morpheme that carries semantic content
Content word
A word who’s primary purpose is to contribute semantic content to the phrase in which it occurs
derivation
In phonology, a process by which an underlying form is changed as phonological rules act upon it
determiner
The name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as the, a, this, all, ect..
form
The structure or shape of any particular linguistic item, from individual segments to strings of words
Free morpheme
A morpheme that can stay alone as a word
Function morpheme
Morpheme that provides information about the grammatical relationships between words in a sentence
Function word
A word that has little semantic content and whos primary purpose is to indicate grammatical relationships between other words within a phrase
Fusional
A type of synthetic language in which the relationships between the words In a sentence are indicated by bound morpheme that are difficult to separate from the stem
Hierarchical structure
The dominance relationship among morpheme in a word, or among constituents in a phrase
homophony
The phenomenon in which two or more distinct morphemes or non nonphrasal linguistic expressions happen to have the same form, ie, sound the same
Incorporation
Morphological process by which several distinct semantic components are combined into a single word in a polysynthetic language
infix
A type of bound morpheme that is inserted into the middle of the stem
inflection
A morphological process where by the form of a word is modified to indicate some grammatically relevant information, such as a person, number, tense, gender, ect.
input
The linguistic form before the application of a rule or set of rules
Lexical category
Class of words grouped together based on morphological properties
lexicon
A mental repository of linguistic information about words or other lexical expressions, including their form, meaning, morphological, and syntactic properties
morpheme
Smallest linguistic unit that has a meaning or grammatical function.
morphology
The study of how words are constructed out of morphemes`
Open lexical category
Lexical category in to which new members are often introduced
output
The linguistic form obtained after an application of a rule or set of rules
Partial reduplication
Morphological republication in which only part of a morpheme is reduplicated
polysynthetic
A type of language that attaches several affixes to a stem to indicate grammatical relationships
prefix
Affix that attaches to the beginning of a stem
Preposition
The name of a lexical category and syntactic category that consists of expressions such as of, in, for, with, ect.
Productive
Describes a rule that can be applied in novel situations to produce novel grammatical forms
pronouns
The name of a lexical category that consists of words such a I, she, us, ect.
reduplication
Process of forming new words by doubling either an entire word or part of a word.
root
The free morpheme or bound root in a word that contributes most semantic content to the word, and to which affixes can attach.
Simultaneous affix
An affix that is articulated at the same time as some other affix or affixes in a word stem; exists only in visual gestural languages
stem
The base, consisting of one or more morpheme, to which some affix is added
suffix
Affix that attaches to the end of a stem
suppletion
A morphological process between forms of a word where in one form cannot be phonologically or morphology derived from another
