Module 1 Lesson 2 Flashcards
is exclusively a population of a single kind of
microorganism in an environment regardless of number.
Pure culture
The descendants of pure culture
strains
. A collection of strains having similar characteristics
species
collection of species having similar characteristics
Genus
A group of
similar genera (genus)
family
. A group of similar families
order
A group of similar orders
class
A group of similar classes
division
A group of similar division
kingdom
are the one responsible in naming and classifying organisms based
on its stability and predictability
Taxonomists
common and most reliable methods of classifying microbes
genetic
relatedness between organisms based on their hereditary material (DNA).
is consisting of bacteria with cell walls containing peptidoglycan.
Eubacteria
lack peptidoglycan in their cell
walls)
prokaryotes
In 1735 the Swedish botanist developed a simple nomenclature
system to classify and name all organisms referred to as binomial nomenclature
Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus finding that referred to as a binomial nomenclature
The first name is genus
The second name is the specific epithet (species)
the first letter of genus always written in capital letter
The whole name is also written in italics if not underlined
Means clustered
staphylo
Means sphere shape
Coccus
Latin word for golden
Aureus
organism lives in the colon or large intestine
coli
Study of bacteria
Bacteriology
Study of fungi.
Mycology
Study of protozoans (animal like single celled eukaryotic organisms).
Protozoology
Study of viruses and viral diseases.
Virology
viruses are non-cellular in
nature but why are they still included in microbiology
(1) the techniques used to study
viruses are microbiological in nature
(2) the diagnostic procedures used are
employed in microbiological laboratories
Study of parasitism and parasites (include pathogenic protozoa,
helminthes worms and certain insects).
Parasitology
Deals with the immune system that protects against infection and to
study serology reactions.
Immunology
Greek philosopher that introduced the Theory of Spontaneous Generation
Aristotle
states that life come from non-living matter
Theory of Spontaneous Generation
An Italian naturalist, very first scientist to formally challenge the Theory of Spontaneous Generation
Francesco Redi
English scientist named (1635-
1703) popularized the use of compound microscope
Robert Hooke
Dutch spectacle-maker invented the first microscope
Zacharias Janssen
was the first person to use the word “cell” to identify microscopic
structures when he was describing cork.
Hooke
- a merchant of
textiles and an amateur lens grinder, to get interested in
microscope.
Antony van Leeuwenhoek
became the first person to view living
microorganisms, so tiny that they were invisible to the naked
eye, which he called “animalcules”. -He first described bacteria,
protozoans and many cells of the human body. Due to his
contribution to the establishment of the microbiology, he is
considered as the “Father of Microbiology”.
Antony van Leeuwenhoek
French chemist, showed that
microorganisms are present in the air
Louis pasteur
He proved that sterilized
medical equipment’s became contaminated once they were exposed
to the air.
Louis Pasteur
, one of the best
known sterilization techniques, was developed and
named after Louis Pasteur.
Pasteurization
discovered
the
thermoresistant
phase of bacteria to boiling temperatures.
John Tyndall
Ferdinand Cohn
discovered that bacteria existed in two
forms: a heat-stable form and a heat-sensitive form.
Tyndall
prolonged or intermittent
heating that destroys heat stable form of bacteria.
tyndallization
discovered
that these heat-stable forms are spores which develop into microorganisms in inadequately
heated infusions.
Cohn
Communicable disease were caused by invisible creatures called what?
Contagion
states
that living matter is generated from another living matter gained
popularity.
Theory of biogenesis
observed that communicable
diseases were caused by invisible creatures called contagion be it by direct or indirect
contact
Girolamo Fracastoro
which states that microorganisms or germs can lead to a
disease in humans, animals or other living hosts
Germ Theory
of Disease
Observation done by this scientist encouraging fellow doctors to wash their hands after performing autopsy and before
proceeding to deliver a baby. In this manner, post-partum deaths due to childbed or
puerperal fever could be prevented.
Ignaz Semmelweis
suggested to
filter and boil water before use, short after he suggested that a “cell” is
causing the disease. And popularized spot mapping
John Snow
who first conducted formal experiments to promote germ theory
of disease with his experiment on fermentation of wine
Louis Pasteur
credited for his discovery of weakened
or attenuated vaccine against fowl cholera, anthrax for small ruminants and rabies.
Louis Pasteur
elaborated the
theory and practice of antiseptic surgery, which included washing the
hands with carbolic acid to prevent infection.
He is known as the “Father
of Modern Antisepsis”.
Joseph Lister
, a British physician,
discovered smallpox vaccine by collecting scrapings from cowpox blisters (a much milder
form of disease) and inoculated it into a child volunteer.
Edward Jenner
Discovered the first antibiotic in
1928 by was extracted
from the Penicillum sp. mold thus called Penicillin
Sir Alexander Fleming
