Lesson 6 Flashcards
bacteria which gain energy from light, subdivided into two groups on the basis of source of electron
Phototrophs
bacteria that uses reduced inorganic compounds such ss H2S as electron source.
Photolithotrops
uses organic compounds such as succinate as
electron source.
Photoorganotrops
Bacteria which gain energy from chemical compounds and cannot carry out photosynthesis
Chemotrophs
they gain energy from oxidation of chemical
compound and reduces inorganic compounds such as NH3 as electron source.
Chemolithotrops
they gain energy from chemical compounds and uses organic compound such as glucose and amino acids as source of electron.
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Chemoorganotrops
nonpathogenic, free-living bacteria which uses solar energy or carbon dioxide as sole source of carbon to prepare its own food
Autotrophs
They utilized light to assimilate carbon dioxide.
Photoautotrops
they utilize chemical energy for assimilation of
carbon dioxide
Chemoautotrops
- bacteria which uses organic compound as carbon source and lack the ability to fix carbon dioxide.
Heterotrophs
-. bacteria that can grow at below 0°C to 20°C but the optimum temperature of growth is 15°C or below. It contains polyunsaturated fatty acids in their cell membrane which allows it to not freeze even at lower temperature hence it is a common contaminant in refrigerators.
Psychrophiles
bacteria that can grow even between 0°C to 30°C but optimum temperature for growth is 20-30°C
psychrotrophs (facultative psychrophiles)
-bacteria that can grow best between 25-40°C and optimum temperature for growth is 37°C.
Mesophiles
-bacteria that best grow above 45°C, contains saturated fatty acids in their cell membrane so their cell membrane does not become too fluid even at higher temperature, can survive pasteurization temperature
Thermophiles
capable of growing in mesophilic range
facultative thermophiles
true thermophiles or Stenothermophiles
obligate thermophiles
-bacteria that have optimum temperature of growth above 80°C.
Hypethermophiles
-bacteria that grows best at acidic pH
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Acidophiles
bacteria that grows best at alkaline pH
Alkaliphiles
bacteria that grows best at neutral pH (6.5-7.5)
Neutrophiles
-bacteria that require high concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl) for growth.
Halophiles
- bacteria that does not require NaCl but can tolerate low concentration of NaCl in growth media
Halotolerant
-bacteria that requires and cannot grow in the absence of oxygen
Obligate aerobes
bacteria that do not require oxygen but can use it if available
Facultative anaerobe
-bacteria that do not require but can tolerate the presence of oxygen for growth
Aerotolerant anaerobe
-bacteria that do not require but can tolerate low concentration of oxygen growth
Microaerophiles
bacteria that can grow only in absence of oxygen
Obligate anaerobes
- bacteria with single flagellum in one end of cell.
Monotrichous
bacteria that require carbon dioxide for growth
Capnophiles
- belong to a group called prokaryotes
kingdom Protista
bacteria
blue-green algae
- belong to a group called eukaryotes
fungi
Other algae
slime molds
protozoa
- cell wall of these bacteria is composed of peptidoglycan layer only. The cell wall retains the crystal fire lit or gram stain which appear violate in Gram staining.
Gram positive bacteria
- cell wall of these bacteria is composed of Peptidoglycan and outer membrane. The cell wall does not retain the gram stain, but they take up the red color of the counter stain during Gram staining.
Gram negative bacteria
-Bacteria having bundle of flagella in one end of cell.
Lophotrichous
-bacteria having single or cluster of flagella at both end of cell.
Amphitrichous
-bacteria having flagella evenly distributed around the cell surface.
Peritrichous
-bacteria without flagella.
Atrichous
-produce spore during unfavorable condition
Spore forming bacteria
- spore produced within the bacterial cell.
endospore forming bacteria:
-spore produced outside the cel
exospore forming bacteria
- those bacteria which do not produce spore.
non-spore forming bacteria
