Module 1 - Lecture 1

Question 1

What do all cells differ in?

Answer 1

Functions, structures, shapes

Question 2

What is the cell theory by Theodor Schwann?

Answer 2

The cell is the smallest structural and functional unit capable of carrying out life processes

Question 3

What does the functional activities of each cell depend on?

Answer 3

The specific structural properties of the cell (shape and composition)

Question 4

What is the basic unit of life?

Answer 4

The cell

Question 5

What is the living building blocks of all plants and animal organisms

Answer 5

Cells

Question 6

What do all cells need to do?

Answer 6

All need to multiply, carry out respiration and make proteins. They all need common characteristics.

Question 7

About how many cell types are there?

Answer 7

200 cell types

Question 8

What does a cell need in order to make a protein?

Answer 8

A blueprint, codes which are in DNA, which is in the nucleus

Question 9

What common features do cells share?

Answer 9

Plasma membrane
Cytosol
Nucleus

Question 10

What is the main function of the plasma membrane?

Answer 10

Separate the outside of the cell from the inside of the cell.
- enclosing the contents of the cell
- Its a barrier (separated the cells contents from its surroundings)

Question 11

What allows things to come in and out of the plasma membrane?

Answer 11

Proteins

Question 12

What is the plasma membrane mostly composed of?

Answer 12

Lipid (fat) molecules (bilayer)

Question 13

What is the plasma membrane mostly composed of?

Answer 13

Lipid (fat) molecules (bilayer)

Question 14

What is the nucleus surrounded by?

Answer 14

A double-layered membrane

Question 15

What is the blueprint to make protein?

Answer 15

DNA

Question 16

What happens if you want to make protein?

Answer 16

you want to copy DNA, transcribe it into mRNA, then eaves nucleus and goes to cytosol and translated into a protein

Question 17

if a cell is dividing, does each cell need to split the DNA into two?

Answer 17

we copy and then we split

Question 18

where does protein synthesis happen?

Answer 18

in the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 19

what does the fold of a membrane do for the cell?

Answer 19

to compress and increase surface area to make proteins

Question 20

what cell needs to make many proteins, all the time?

Answer 20

cells that make insulin, or a hormone? or immune cells

Question 21

what protein that is made all the time when we have an infection?

Answer 21

antibodies

Question 22

where do we make our lipids?

Answer 22

smooth ER

Question 23

where are proteins synthesized?

Answer 23

rough ER

Question 24

where does translation from mRNA to protein happens? (protein synthesis)

Answer 24

the ribosomes

Question 25

a protein cant do anything until when?

Answer 25

until it goes into the ER where it goes through the folding process

Question 26

proteins are put into transport vesicles when leaving the ER, are they put into specific groups?

Answer 26

no they are randomly chosen when put into vesicles.

Question 27

what is the golgi apparatuses job?

Answer 27

modifies, packages and distributes newly synthesized proteins. (sorts them and directs the transportation)

Question 28

what is a hydrolytic enzyme?

Answer 28

fuses water and breaks down a complex molecule. - takes proteins that are no longer needed and degrades into simple molecules

Question 29

what is the lysosomes job?

Answer 29

digestive system of the cell. where proteins go to be broken down and destroys foreign substances like pathogens

Question 30

does peroxisomes contain enzymes?

Answer 30

yes, oxidative enzymes. (means they use oxygen to degrade or transform a molecule)

Question 31

what does a peroxisome do?

Answer 31

detoxify various wastes produced within the cell or foreign toxic compounds that have entered the cell

Question 32

are centrioles membrane enclosed?

Answer 32

no

Question 33

what comes out of centrioles?

Answer 33

microtubules

Question 34

how is a spindle allowed to form during cell division?

Answer 34

due to microtubules. this is so you can move chromosomes

Question 35

how can a cell move?

Answer 35

because of cilia and flagella that microtubules form

Question 35

what is cristae?

Answer 35

infoldings of the inner membrane in the mitochondria

Question 35

what can we not do without the mitochondria?

Answer 35

energy and ATP

Question 36

cristae have an inner cavity filled with what?

Answer 36

gel-like solution called matrix

Question 37

what happens to old or damaged mitochondria?

Answer 37

they are degraded to make new mitochondria

Question 38

the folding of the innermembrane of the mitochondria makes the cristae. it increases surface area. why is this efficient?

Answer 38

it allows for the exchange of ions and build the potential to be able to generate ATP

Question 39

what is the intermembrane space?

Answer 39

space between the outer and inner membrane

Question 40

what does ATP stand for?

Answer 40

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 41

does the mitochondria contain enzymes for the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain?

Answer 41

yes