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KINE2011: Human Physiology > Module 1 - Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 - Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What do all cells differ in?

A

Functions, structures, shapes

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2
Q

What is the cell theory by Theodor Schwann?

A

The cell is the smallest structural and functional unit capable of carrying out life processes

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3
Q

What does the functional activities of each cell depend on?

A

The specific structural properties of the cell (shape and composition)

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4
Q

What is the basic unit of life?

A

The cell

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5
Q

What is the living building blocks of all plants and animal organisms

A

Cells

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6
Q

What do all cells need to do?

A

All need to multiply, carry out respiration and make proteins. They all need common characteristics.

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7
Q

About how many cell types are there?

A

200 cell types

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8
Q

What does a cell need in order to make a protein?

A

A blueprint, codes which are in DNA, which is in the nucleus

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9
Q

What common features do cells share?

A

Plasma membrane
Cytosol
Nucleus

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10
Q

What is the main function of the plasma membrane?

A

Separate the outside of the cell from the inside of the cell.
- enclosing the contents of the cell
- Its a barrier (separated the cells contents from its surroundings)

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11
Q

What allows things to come in and out of the plasma membrane?

A

Proteins

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12
Q

What is the plasma membrane mostly composed of?

A

Lipid (fat) molecules (bilayer)

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13
Q

What is the plasma membrane mostly composed of?

A

Lipid (fat) molecules (bilayer)

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14
Q

What is the nucleus surrounded by?

A

A double-layered membrane

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15
Q

What is the blueprint to make protein?

A

DNA

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16
Q

What happens if you want to make protein?

A

you want to copy DNA, transcribe it into mRNA, then eaves nucleus and goes to cytosol and translated into a protein

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17
Q

if a cell is dividing, does each cell need to split the DNA into two?

A

we copy and then we split

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18
Q

where does protein synthesis happen?

A

in the endoplasmic reticulum

19
Q

what does the fold of a membrane do for the cell?

A

to compress and increase surface area to make proteins

20
Q

what cell needs to make many proteins, all the time?

A

cells that make insulin, or a hormone? or immune cells

21
Q

what protein that is made all the time when we have an infection?

A

antibodies

22
Q

where do we make our lipids?

A

smooth ER

23
Q

where are proteins synthesized?

A

rough ER

24
Q

where does translation from mRNA to protein happens? (protein synthesis)

A

the ribosomes

25
Q

a protein cant do anything until when?

A

until it goes into the ER where it goes through the folding process

26
Q

proteins are put into transport vesicles when leaving the ER, are they put into specific groups?

A

no they are randomly chosen when put into vesicles.

27
Q

what is the golgi apparatuses job?

A

modifies, packages and distributes newly synthesized proteins. (sorts them and directs the transportation)

28
Q

what is a hydrolytic enzyme?

A

fuses water and breaks down a complex molecule.
- takes proteins that are no longer needed and degrades into simple molecules

29
Q

what is the lysosomes job?

A

digestive system of the cell.
where proteins go to be broken down and destroys foreign substances like pathogens

30
Q

does peroxisomes contain enzymes?

A

yes, oxidative enzymes. (means they use oxygen to degrade or transform a molecule)

31
Q

what does a peroxisome do?

A

detoxify various wastes produced within the cell or foreign toxic compounds that have entered the cell

32
Q

are centrioles membrane enclosed?

A

no

33
Q

what comes out of centrioles?

A

microtubules

34
Q

how is a spindle allowed to form during cell division?

A

due to microtubules. this is so you can move chromosomes

35
Q

how can a cell move?

A

because of cilia and flagella that microtubules form

35
Q

what is cristae?

A

infoldings of the inner membrane in the mitochondria

35
Q

what can we not do without the mitochondria?

A

energy and ATP

36
Q

cristae have an inner cavity filled with what?

A

gel-like solution called matrix

37
Q

what happens to old or damaged mitochondria?

A

they are degraded to make new mitochondria

38
Q

the folding of the innermembrane of the mitochondria makes the cristae. it increases surface area. why is this efficient?

A

it allows for the exchange of ions and build the potential to be able to generate ATP

39
Q

what is the intermembrane space?

A

space between the outer and inner membrane

40
Q

what does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

41
Q

does the mitochondria contain enzymes for the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain?

A

yes

42
Q
A

KINE2011: Human Physiology (29 decks)

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