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Peds > Module 1: Caring Interventions > Flashcards

Module 1: Caring Interventions Flashcards

1
Q

What to consider for the child ?

A

-Age, past experiences, perceptions and cognitive development.Is illness their fault? A punishment?

Parental consideration:
-Presence, preparation, fear, anxiety about condition, illness

-Parent presence- altered family roles

Preparation of the child:
-Explanation of procedure, visited hospital, development level

-Coping skills of child and family separation, despair, detachment, loss of control, regression

Psychological benefits:
-Pain management, distraction

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2
Q

Nurse Role in Communicating to Children and Adolscents

A

-Appropriate communication, developmental, eye level, vocabulary

-Allow children time to feel comfortable, use play

-Avoid sudden rapid movements and advances especially for younger children

-Talk to parents first with younger child to encourage trust

-Communicate with dolls, puppets, and stuffed animals before questioning the child directly

-Offer choices only when a choice exists

-Use simple words and a quiet voice

-Be honest

-Consider the timing of education

-Expect success and cooperation

-Consider talking to older children and adolescents alone (READ NOTES)

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3
Q

What should the nurse do when communicating with adolescents?

A

-establish relationships,
-give undivided attention
-encourage them to share their feelings
-show respect
-promote privacy
-avoid being judgmental
- set a good role model.

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4
Q

What are words the nurse should not say to the child?

A

-shot or bee sting
-Deaden ( make noise less intense)
-Take your blood pressure
-Stool
- Test
553-557 - for more information

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5
Q

Types of play techniques for procedures

A

-Role play before
-Magic wand

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6
Q

What is the Play technique for Fluid intake?

A

crazy straws, decorating cups

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7
Q

What is Play techniques for deep breathing?

A

-bubbles
-Three little pigs

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8
Q

What is Play techniques for Range of Motions?

A

-Wii ( game)
-Bean bags
-basketball
-velcro darts

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9
Q

What is play techniques for Medication?

A

Collection of syringes

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10
Q

What is play techniques for ambulation?

A

-push toys for toddlers
-parades

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11
Q

What is play techniques for hospital Play?

A

Anything
-crafts
-cars
-art
-video
-dolls

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12
Q

Who should the nurse measure input and output on ?

A

-Infants less than a year should be on strict intake and output

-Any child losing fluid through NG, stomas, sweat, drainage tubes

-Children on IV therapy

-Children who just had a recent surgery.
Children with medical diagnoses such as that are affected by fluid fluctuations-
Examples- Respiratory, Cardiac, Endocrine-Others??

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13
Q

Measuring output:
How do you check the output on infants?

A

Zero the scale with a dry diaper and weigh the diaper

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14
Q

Mildly dehydrated child requires ______ Therapy using small amounts of fluid that contains electrolytes

A

oral rehydration

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15
Q

Severe dehydration cases of a sick child will need_____ Rehydration.

A

IV

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16
Q

How to notice a sick child?

A

Feeding- Look at feedings

Fluids- Look at fluids

Fever- Hyperpyrexia-38 or 38.5 ( 100.4-101.3)

Acetaminophen- 10-15 mg/kg q 4

Ibuprofen- 5-10 mg/kg q 6

Hydration

Call for temp for continued elevated fever-40-40.6,

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17
Q

What is the temp for a sick child who has a fever?

A

38.0 -38.5 C ( Hyperpyrexia)

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18
Q

How to treat a sick child with a fever?

A

-Acetaminophen: 10-15 mg/kg q 4

Ibuprofen-:5-10 mg/kg q 6

Hydration

Call for temp for continued elevated fever-40-40.6,

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19
Q

What are considered restraints for a child?

A

-Mummy

-Swaddle

-Distraction

-Arm boards – IV House

-Elbow restraints

-Mittens

-Stockinettes

-Crib tops

-Side Rails

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20
Q

Specimen collection for specific procedures

A
  • Mom’s lap
    -Therapeutic Holding
    -Lumbar puncture: Flexed sitting, side lying, headaches less common in children
    -Bone Marrow- posterior iliac crest, give analgesia
    Heel stick - stick the side of the heel
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21
Q

Types of Oxygen Therapy in Peds used

A

-Nose breathers-BNC, high flow ( peds breathe through their nose)

-Masks

-Humidity ( Oxygen almost always requires humidity)

-Cool air

-Ventilators

-Tracheostomies

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22
Q

Type of suctions used for children

A

-bulb ( nose pump)
-Little suckers
-Nasal Oral

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23
Q

How should the nurse care for skin/wound prevention?

A

-Do not make assumptions that parents are bathing the child

-Keep perineal area dry and protected

-Use caution with tape

-Change electrode and pulse oximeter sites frequently( every 4 hours)

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24
Q

Pressure ulcers are usually from medical devices-

Nursing action would be to: _________

A

-turn the pt every 2 hours or as needed based on order.
- make sure all tubes and chords are removed away from the pt body.
- Change pulse Ox probes and Assess skin sites

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25
Q

Surgical Consideration of the Child

A

-NPO- can have clear liquids after >2 hours,
-hours for breast milk >4 hours
- infant formula >6 hours before procedure (Look at the hospital’s policy. It may depend on age.)
- kids body can not go to long w/o fluids

-Parent’s presence in holding areas: sedation induction and recovery

-Pain management- the nurse needs to stay ahead, watch dosage

-Slow increase in diet- the nurse assesses bowel sounds

-Assess for urinary retention

-Remember changes occur quickly with children- greater percentage of body is water.

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26
Q

What are reasons that require a child to have alternative feedings?

A

-Structural, functional or malabsorption

-Gastrochesis ( birth defect, where there is a hole in the abdominal wall beside the belly button, gut is outside the body

-Short gut

FTT-Failure to Thrive ( a child weight is significantly below that of other children)

-GERD-Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

-TEF- (malformations of trachea and esophagus)

-Nutritional supplements- CF, Anorexia

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27
Q

what are some tubes that is used for nutrition?

A

-Oral or nasogastric lavage

-Gastrostomy- MicKey Tube

-Jejunostomy

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28
Q

Steps for Gavage Feeding

A

-insert 5 or 8 French

-Always check residual as directed.

-Check placement by pH, X-ray, Measure for placement

-Feed over prescribed time while maintaining position.

-X-ray is the gold star- but not appropriate for repeated checks.

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29
Q

How to improve Absoprtion of feeds for a child

A

-Use a pacifier during alternative feeds

-Nonnutritive sucking improves digestion

-Quiet, calm environment

-Consistent feeding techniques by caregivers/family members

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30
Q

What are nine rules for giving medication to pediatrics?

A

-Do not give a child a choice of the medication.

-Allow choices the child can have some control over

-Do not lie, saying it won’t hurt or taste bad

-Give brief explanations about the meds

-Tell the child is ok to be scared.

  • Always include the child when talking to the parents during med administration.

-Be confident and positive when approaching the child.

-The younger the child the shorter time between explanations and administration.

-Involve the parent when giving meds

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31
Q

How is renal function different in children ?

A

-Renal function in infants:

-Newborn function is very immature

-Medicines can remain in the system longer.

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32
Q

Differences in children’s (Liver Size)

A

Liver size in toddler, preschool are proportionally large, using up the medications rapidly

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33
Q

Differences in chidren ( GI)

A

GI-Children’s GI system have differences in motility, acidity and enzymes.

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34
Q

Differences in Children ( Water)

A

The amount of water in the body

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35
Q

Differences in Children ( Calculation)

A

Calculations: per weight in kg and meter squared

-mg/kg:    (1 mg/1 kg)X \_\_\_ kg=dose mg
-mg X kg= dose mg
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36
Q

Medication Measurements
1kg=

A

2.2 pounds

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37
Q

1 inch =

A

2.54cm

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38
Q

BSA=

A

BSA = ht (cm) x wt (kg) - square root
BSA = ht (in) x wt (lbs) /3131

  BSA is documented in hundreaths;
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39
Q

What to consider when giving oral medication administration?

A

6 rights for giving meds ( Right dose, right pt, right time , right medication, right route, right documentation)

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40
Q

Oral Medication Administration

A
  • Calculate proper dosage (mg/kg, mg/m2, safe dose ranges)
    -Use oral syringes for LIQUID medications.

-For infants place syringe on the side of the mouth.

-May use a nipple for infant to suck.

-NEVER mix meds with bottle of formula.

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41
Q

When may you need to mix small amount of liquid with medication?

A

-Giving Capsules- opened and given with food

  • Giving Chewables are good for preschoolers.
  • Crushing pills and mixing with liquid is acceptable for many medications.
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42
Q

Needle size, gauge and amount volume ( IM Administration,Vastus Lateralis) Thigh

A

5/8 -1 inch
22-25 gauge

0.5 ml infant,
2 ml small child

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43
Q

Needle size, gauge and amount volume ( IM Administration, Ventrogluteal ( Buttock/ Hip)

A

5/8 -1 inch
22-25 gauge

0.5 ml infant,
2 ml small child

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44
Q

Needle size and guage and amount volume ( IM Administartion, Deltoid) Arm

A

½-1 inch
22-25 gauge

0.5- 1 ml volume

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45
Q

IV Therapy - Basics

A

-select appropriate site

-Remember pain management

  • Central Access- PICC, Hickman, Broviac, Portacath

-Assess IV sites q 1-2 hours

  • Calculate Fluid needs for 24 hours

0-10 kg 100 ml kg/day

11-20 kg 1000 + 50ml/kg /day for every kg >10

20kg 1500 + 20 ml/kg/day for >20

Observe for s/s of fluid overload

STRICT Intake and Output

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46
Q

IV Pumps

A

-Remember to include IV fluid amounts in I and O.

-Observe the site every hour

-Pressures may be monitored.

  • Syringe pumps are used for IV medications- Needed information for use includes-
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47
Q

Respiration Vitals / Peds
How long does the nurse observe respiratory pattern?

A

60 seconds

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48
Q

True or False? Normal RR decreases as age increases

A

true

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49
Q

Is irregular respiratory pattern seen in infants?

A

Yes

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50
Q

What can the nurse assess when checking a child’s respiratory pattern

A

nurse can assess abdominal movements

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51
Q

The nurses use which pulse in the hospital to check a child’s heart rate?

A

The nurse uses Apical Heart rate almost always

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52
Q

When do you start to check the apical heart rate in infants?

A

infant - 2 years old

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53
Q

True or False?
The nurse can check the radial pulse if over 2 years old?

A

true

54
Q

True or False?
Heart rate decreases as age increases.

A

True

55
Q

Axillary is preferred in

A

infants to 2 years

56
Q

When is a rectal temperature is needed?

A

Rectal temps are used if accuracy is needed ( age over 1 month)

57
Q

Axillary or Tympanic Membrane Temperature is taken between which ages?

A

Ages 2-5 years

58
Q

Can the nurse take a child’s temperature orally when a child can hold the probe under the tongue?

A

yes

59
Q

________ RR is the most reliable.

A

Sleeping

60
Q

Any RR of over _____ is abnormal always.

A

60

61
Q

As the child gets older the BP is _____

A

higher

62
Q

Normal BP in infants is around______?

A

90/50

63
Q

Normal BP for a child is around___?

A

100/60

64
Q

Normal BP for an Adolescent / Adult?

A

110/70

65
Q

Age: 1 week to 3 months HR Awake / Sleep

A

Awake - 100 to 220/min
Sleep- 80 to 200/min

66
Q

Age: 3 months to 2 years HR Awake/ Sleep

A

Awake-80 -150/min
Sleep- 70-120/min

67
Q

True or false?
All toddlers fall

A

true

68
Q

True or false ?
All 4 side rails go up with kids

A

True, this is not considered a restraint

69
Q

Age 2 years -10 years Awake HR/ Sleep HR

A

Awake: 70 to 110 min
Sleep: 60 to 90 min

70
Q

Nwbrn to 1 yr - RR

A

30 to 60/miin

71
Q

Age:1 to 2 Years RR

A

25 to 30 /min

72
Q

Age: 2 to 6 RR

A

21 -25 / min

73
Q

Age:6-12 years RR

A

19- 21/ min

74
Q

Age:12 years and older

A

16 to 19 / min

75
Q

What are myths about Pain assessment and management in Pediatrics?

A

-Myth-Newborns cannot feel pain – no medication for circumcision

-Immature CNS

76
Q

What does untreated pain leads to in Peds?

A

**Untreated pain leads to complications

-Delayed recovery

-Stress and anxiety (fear)

-Alterations in sleep and nutrition

77
Q

Nursing Assessment for Pain in Children

A

**Verbal reports by the nurse:

Children as young as 3 can report pain, location and degree

EX: May be reported as really bad pain in arm for a fractured elbow

**Non-verbal

Irritability, restlessness, difficulty sleeping or feeding, inconsolable crying, grimacing

Physiologic response

78
Q

How does pain assessment relate to the developmental level of Infants?

A

Infants uses:

Pre-verbal, behavioral, & physiologic cues remember infants communicate all needs frequently through crying
- Facial expression is most reliable
-Older infant may push or pull away

79
Q

How does pain assessment relate to the developmental level of a toodler?

A

Toddler :

Loud crying, say’s word that indicate pain “ouchie” or stay very still
- Guards painful site, touches the painful area, runs away in anticipation of painful

80
Q

How does pain assessment relate to the developmental level of a preschooler ?

A

Preschoolers :
Views pain as a punishment for thoughts/behavior

Crying and kicking

Regression to earlier behaviors (bed wetting, thumb sucking)

Describes location and intensity of pain “arm hurts bad”

Denies pain – fear of pain-relieving measures “shots”

Avoid telling child to be “brave” or good boy or girl after procedure

Fears body mutilation

Need all their parts; Band-Aids are important, magical thinking

81
Q

How does pain assessment relate to the developmental level of a School-age child?

A

School-age children :
Describes pain and can quantify intensity (if scale is explained in simple terms)

Fears body harm

Awareness of death

Bargains or tries to “make a deal”

I’ll let you change my dressing after this tv show

82
Q

How does pain assessment relate to the developmental level of a Adolescent?

A

Adolescent:

Understands cause and effect

Quantifies pain

Describes pain as “ache”, “sore” “pounding”

83
Q

What are types of Pain Assessment used in peds ?

A

-Nips
-FLACC Pain Scale
-Oucher Scale
-Faces Pain Scale
-Numeric Pain Scale

84
Q

Age range for pain scale

A

-NIPS- Neonatal Infant Pain Scale-birth -1 month

-FLACC Pain Scale- Face Legs Arms Crying Consolability

(2 month -7 years)

For non-verbal child use:
Evaluation through facial expression, leg movement, activity, cry and consolability

-Oucher Scale 0-5 scale

-Faces Pain Scale: Use with children as young as 3 years and older

  • Numeric Pain Scale: Children 5 -7 years and older
85
Q

Nursing Intervention for Pediatrics Pain

A

The nurse should :

-Watch communication

-General principles

-Presence, education, trust, family approach

-Distraction

-Relaxation

-Positive self talk

-Behavioral Contracts

-Child Life

86
Q

Interventions that can be used before poking a patient

A

Nonnutritive sucking-Sweet ease

Ice

Sprays

Tens units

EMLA cream- (eutectic mixture of lidocaine-apply 60 minutes before poke)
EMLA cream is great for spinal taps and IV starts.

Shot Blocker

Buzzy

Lidocaine

87
Q

Nursing Interventions to help with pain

A

Non-pharmacological

-Assess child’s age and developmental level

-Infants respond to touch, holding, rocking, pacifiers, Sweet Ease

-Toddlers and preschoolers may respond to distraction – books, videos, music, bubbles

-School-age and adolescents can be taught guided imagery

-Deep breathing, massage, heat /cold applications all apply

-Be creative with each child

-Have the child blow out imaginary birthday candles

88
Q

What are some pharmacologic Pain Management?

A

-Calculate the safe dose based on child’s weight

-Give smallest dose 1st

-Monitor child’s response

  • Take Vital signs before & after narcotics

-Children as young as 5 years can be taught to use the PCA pump
- Remember to calculate BMI and M2

89
Q

What are the routes for pain meds in pediatrics?

A

-PO, sublingual, buccal, patch

-IV

-Continuous- PCA- Morphine or Dilaudid

-Family controlled or Nurse controlled PCA

-IM

-Intranasal

-Topical- EMLA, patch, vapo-coolant (Pain Ease), Lidocaine

-Epidural-long acting lidocaine, and/or opioid watch for side effects

90
Q

What are Pain Medications given in Pediatrics?

A

Tylenol (Acetaminophen) 10-15 mg / kg q 4 hours

Ibuprofen – 5-10 mg/kg q 8 hours

Morphine- IM, IV, PCA

Dilaudid

Fentanyl-patch

Codeine 1 mg/kg q 3-4 hours

Titration is the key ( Medication is started at a low dose )

91
Q

Interview communication with parents and patients

A

-Whatever the parents sees as a problems should be a concern for the nurse

-Confidentiality concerns: abuse, suicide, sexuality

-Ask preferred names.

-Don’t call parents “mom” and “dad”

92
Q

By what age does most children describe their symptoms

A

age 7

93
Q

Warning signs of stress and anxiety in younger children

A

Sleep problems

Headaches

Stomach aches

Increased crying

Clingy

Bed wetting

Baby talk

Developing new fears

94
Q

Warning signs of stress and anxiety for school age and teens

A

Poor coping skills

Behavior and learning difficulties

Mood swings

Sleep issues

Overeating

Compulsive behaviors

95
Q

General Appearance

A

General Survey

Distress

Eye Contact

Cleanliness

Muscle tone

Odor

Follows simple, age-appropriate commands

Appropriate speech, language, and motor skills

96
Q

Growth of the infant

A

Length (not height) measured with measuring board or tray until 24-36 months ; Stretch legs

Weight: Zero scale prior to weight; Use Dry diaper and subtract weight of diaper

97
Q

Growth of an Infant ( Head Circumference)

A

Reflects brain growth

Measure above eyes

Measure until 36 months

98
Q

Growth of an Infant ( Weight)

A

Weight:

Infants-Regain birthweight by 2 weeks

Double birth weight by 6 months

Triple birth weight by 1 year

99
Q

BMI for Age

A

-Underweight < 5th percentile

-At risk of overweight ≥ 85th percentile

-Overweight ≥ 95th percentile

100
Q

What does pediatric growth chart contain?

A

Contain height, weight, and head circumference for age
- Growth is faster in infancy than any other age.

101
Q

Vital Signs ( Blood Pressure)

A

Blood pressure (cover upper 80-100% of extremity or 40% of diameter of arm)

Measure annually in children age 2 years and older

Line up arrow with brachial artery.

BP increases as age increases

Discrepancy of upper extremity and lower extremity BP could indicate COA (Coarctation of the Aorta- Heart Defect)

102
Q

Fontanels in infants

A

Palpate while quiet and sitting upright

Normal soft/flat

Anterior fontanel closes by 12-18 months

Posterior fontanel closes by 6-8 weeks

Bulging occurs with crying, vomiting, or can indicate pathology of increased ICP

Sunken fontanels can indicate dehydration

A bulging or sunken fontanelle is abnormal

103
Q

Eyes and Vision

A

Visual screening should be done at 3 years of age

Strabismus (cross-eyed)
TWO Tests for Strabismus: Esotropia & Exotropia

-Corneal light reflex test

-Cover/Uncover test

-Opthalmoscopic exam

Red reflex

104
Q

Examining the mouth/neck

A

Examine in front of a mirror Turn it into a game

For infant, examine when crying

Avoid tongue blades unless necessary

Demonstrate on parent or older sibling

Tonsils may be enlarged at baseline. Report any exudate.

Examine teeth (loose, missing, hygiene, caries, alignment)

Infants should have 6-8 teeth by one year of age

20 primary (deciduous) teeth, 32 permanent teeth

105
Q

Examination of the neck

A

-Small, non-tender, mobile nodes are normal in children

-Tender, enlarged, warm nodes indicate infection

106
Q

Cardiac assessment finding in children

A

-Sinus arrhythmia is common in children
-S2 (physiologic) split common;splits during inspiration

-Innocent murmur: no abnormality

-Functional murmur: no anatomic abnormality, but physiologic abnormality like anemia is present

-Organic murmur: cardiac defect +/- physiologic condition

Weaker lower extremity pulses can be a sign of cardiac issues

107
Q

An accepted core temp for children ( rectal)

A

37- 37.5 C ( 98.6-99.5 F)

108
Q

An accepted core temp for neonates

A

36.5- 37.6 ( 97.7- 99 F)

109
Q

Types of Themometers used to measure Temp in infants and children

A

infared Themometer
Thermal radiation is measured from the axilla, ear canal, or tympanic membrane.
Temperature measurement appears on the digital display in approximately 1
second.
Three types are available for ear-based use: tympanic, ear canal, and arterial
heat balance via the ear canal (AHBE).
Often these devices are all inappropriately referred to as tympanic thermometers.
Temperatures measured in this way reflect arterial (bloodstream) temperature.

110
Q

Ear Sensor ( Light Touch LTX)

A

Ear Sensor (LighTouch LTX)
This measures the infrared heat energy radiating from ear canal opening, scans
ear canal for highest temperature reading, and then calculates arterial temperature (correlates highly with core or internal body temperature).
- Available in 2 sizes

111
Q

Axillary Sensor ( LightTouch LTN)

A

Axillary Sensor (LighTouch LTN)
This measures the infrared heat energy radiating from the axilla.
It can be used on wet skin; in incubators; or under radiant heaters, warming
pads, or other heat sources

112
Q

Digital Thermometer

A

Digital Thermometer
A probe is connected to a microprocessor chip, which translates signals into
degrees and sends temperature measurement to digital display.
It is used like an oral electronic thermometer and can be used for measuring oral,
rectal, and axillary temperature.
It is more accurate and easier to read but somewhat more expensive than a
plastic strip thermometer.

113
Q

Liquid Crystal Skin Contact

A

Liquid Crystal Skin Contact Thermometer (Chemical Dot
Thermometer)
This single-use, disposable, flexible thermometer has a specific chemical mixture
in each circle that changes color to measure temperature increments of 2
⁄10
degree.
There are two types:
1. Kept in mouth (1 minute), axilla (3 minutes), or rectum (3 minutes); color
change is read 10 to 15 seconds after removing the thermometer
2. Wearable, continuous-use thermometer, which is placed under axilla; may
be read within 2 to 3 minutes after placement and continuously thereafter;
discard and replace every 48 hours

114
Q

Grading of Pulses in Infants and children

A

0 -Not palpable
+1 -Difficult to palpate, thready, weak, easily obliterated with pressure
+2- Difficult to palpate, may be obliterated with pressure
+3 - Easy to palpate, not easily obliterated with pressure (normal)
+4 -Strong, bounding, not obliterated with pressure

115
Q

Respiration

A
  • Count RR the same as adults
    infants, observe abdominal movements, because respirations are primarily diaphragmatic. Because the movements are irregular, count them for 1 full minute for accuracy .
116
Q

When is BP measured in children?

A

BP should be measured annually in children 3 years old through adolescence

117
Q

Gold Standard method of BP Measurement

A

Auscultation

118
Q

Most important factor in accurately measuring BP

A

is the use of selecting the correct cuff size

119
Q

What is OH?

A

Orthostatic hypotension (OH), also called postural hypotension or orthostatic intolerance, often manifests as syncope (fainting), vertigo (dizziness), or lightheadedness and is caused by decreased blood flow to the brain (cerebral hypoperfusion).

120
Q

Most effective preparation for children procedures includes…

A

providing sensory- procedural information and help the child develope coping skills such as imagery or relaxation

121
Q

Selecting Nonthreatening
Words or Phrases

A

Shot, bee sting, -stick Medicine under the skin, poke that
will feel like a pinch
Organ Place in body: Test To see how (specify body part) is
working
Incision, cut : Make an opening
Edema : Puffiness
Stretcher, gurney : Rolling bed, bed on wheels
Stool, urine : Child’s usual term
Dye: Medicine to help place in your body show up on a picture
Pain : Hurt, discomfort, “owie,” “boo-boo,” sore, achy, scratchy, pinch
Deaden, numb : Not feel body part as much
Fix Make better
Take (as in “take your temperature”) : See how warm you are
Take (as in “take your blood pressure”): Check your pressure, hug your arm
Put to sleep, anesthesia : Different kind of sleep so you won’t
feel anything
Catheter: Soft tube, small straw

122
Q

Nips pain scale is used for

A

Neonatal infants - 1month

123
Q

Flacc pain is used for

A

Age : 2months to 7 years or for non-verbal child
Evaluation of face, leg movements, activity,cry, consolability

124
Q

Faces pain scale is used …

A

With children as young as 3 and older
Pictures of faces

125
Q

Numeric pain scale

A

Children 5-7 years of age

126
Q

Routes for pain meds in peds

A

PO, sublingual,buccal,patch
IV
Continuous PCA - Morphine or Dilaudid
FAmily PCA
IM
Intranasal
Topical
Epidural

127
Q

Pain medication

A

Tylenol {Acetaminophen} 10-15mg/kg q4hours
Ibuprofen-5-10mg/kg q 8hrs
Dilaudid
Fentanyl patch
Codeine - 1mg/kg q 3-4 hours

128
Q

Side effects of narcotics

A

Respiratory depression
Slow HR
Constipation
Low BP
Urinary retention

129
Q

Who gives consent when preparing for procedures?

A

Parents
Adolescents: for pregnancy, STD, mental, drug and alcohol use
Emancipated minors: teens who are pregnant, legalized as adults

130
Q

Potential causes for increase in RR

A

Respiratory distress
Fluid volume excess
Hypothermia
Elevated temp
Pain

131
Q

Potential cause for a decrease in RR

A

Anesthetic opioids and pain

Peds (6 decks)

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