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Peds > Growth and Developement > Flashcards

Growth and Developement Flashcards

1
Q

what is development?

A

The process of change during a person’s life. During this process both increase in mental and physical abilities should occur

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2
Q

What are the type of immunization given?

A

DTaP-Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis

HBV-Hepatitis B virus

Polio

Rotavirus

PCV-pneumococcal

Hib-Haemophilus infl.

Influenza

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3
Q

Types of Immunization ( CONT)

A

MMR-Measles, Mumps, Rubella

VZV-Varicella

Meningococcal

HPV – human papilloma virus

HAV-Hepatitis A

COVID

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4
Q

What does Immunization prevent?

A
  • Prevents meningococcal infections
    -Death
    -Limb
    -Hearing loss
    -neurological disability
  • Ensure college freshman in dorms
    -Ensure that military recruits are vaccinated
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5
Q

Types of vaccine reactions

A

Local reactions: Local tenderness or swelling at injection site, low-grade fever, drowsiness, fretfulness, crying

Rarer Moderate Reactions: Seizure
Reactions may occur due to preparation of the vaccine, Neomycin, eggs or yeast culture(HEP B)

Report all vaccine reactions to the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting

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6
Q

What are some Contraindications and Precautions for Vaccines?

A
  • Reasons to withhold immunization
    Child Safety
    Child max effectiveness when receiving
  • Avoid always in severe febrile Illness
    -Avoid Live vaccines in immunocompromised
    -Avoid MMR and varicella for at least 3months after transfusion or immunoglobins
  • Avoid MMR and Varicella ( Live vaccines) with pregnancy
  • Any Allergy to past vaccines or components is contraindicated
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7
Q

What are consideration when administering medication?

A
  • Select Appropriate needle and site selection
  • Is the injection given Individually or simultaneously?
  • Consider pain interventions (EMLA, coolant spray, distraction in older kids)

-Vastus lateralis or ventrogluteal, deltoid if >18 mos

-Begin a shot record

-Documentation: document when the vaccine was given

  • include date, manufacturer and lot number, who and where administered, VIS date, consent

-Education

-VIS (Vaccine Information Statement) must be provided and reviewed by patient/caregiver prior to vaccine administration.

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8
Q

Time frame for HBV ( hepatitis B virus )

A

birth
1-2 mo
6-18 mo

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9
Q

RV- Rotavirus timeframe

A

2mo
4mo
6mo
( Can be a series of 2-3 doses given between 15 weeks and 8months)

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10
Q

DTAP( diptheria, tetanus, acelluar pertussis

A

2,4,6, mo
12-18mo
4-6 yr

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11
Q

IPV( inactivated polio vaccine)

A

2,4,6-18 mo
4-6yrs

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12
Q

HAV( Hep A)

A

12mo

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13
Q

HIB( Haemophilus influenzae type B

A

2,4,6 mo
12-18mo

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14
Q

PCV13

A

2mo
4mo
6mo
12-15 mo

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15
Q

MMR

A

12-15mo
4-6 yr

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16
Q

VAR

A

12-15mo
4-6 y

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17
Q

Influenza

A

annually > 6months

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18
Q

Meningococcal

A

routine
11-12yr
16yr - college freshman booster

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19
Q

HPV ( Human papilloma Virus)

A

routine 11-12y
3 doses, 1, 1-2 months after 1st, 6 months after 1st

20
Q

What are Kindergarten Shots?

A

Immunization
4-6 yrs
-DTAP
-IPV
- MMR
-Varicella

Annual Flu Vaccine : Injection or nasal spray

21
Q

What are 7th-grade shots?

A

Immunization
11-12 years

TDaP booster

Meningococcal vaccine-11,12 yo, booster 16-18 yo: Need before college

HPV vaccine-9-11yo, 2 month later, 6 months later

Annual flu vaccine: injection or nasal spray

22
Q

What are 12th-grade shots?

A

-16-18 years

-Meningococcal vaccine booster: Need before college

-Annual flu vaccine: injection or nasal spray

23
Q

HBV: Vaccine

A

-Dosing at birth, 1-2 months, 6 months

-Infants should weigh at least 2 Kg ( 1 pound)

-Give in vastus lateralis or deltoid (older children)

-Contraindicated in yeast allergy

-Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG)- given within 12 hours of birth if mother is HBsAg positive.

-If HBsAg is unknown, administer HBV in first 12 hours, check status, and administer HBIG as soon as possible within the first week

24
Q

RV: Rotavirus

A
  • prevention of diarrhea caused by rotavirus

Oral vaccine

-Rotarix- 2 doses, first at 6 weeks, second 4 weeks later. Give before 24 weeks

-RotaTeq- 3 doses, first at 6-12 weeks, 2 doses at 4-10 week intervals, not after 32 weeks

May give/schedule with immunizations

First Dose: 2 months of age

Second Dose: 4 months of age

Third Dose: 6 months of age (if needed)

child must get the first dose of rotavirus vaccine before 15 weeks of age, and the last by age 8 months

Small risk of intussusception

25
Q

who should not get rotavirus vaccine?

A

-Babies with “severe combined immunodeficiency” (SCID) should not get rotavirus vaccine.

-Babies who have had a type of bowel blockage called “intussusception” should not get rotavirus vaccine. This is also a complication of the vaccine.

26
Q

DTAP

A

-Diphtheria-Nasopharyngitis or laryngotracheitis with airway obstruction

-Tetanus-Tightening of muscles in body and jaw (lockjaw)

-Pertussis-Severe cough, pneumonia

-DTaP approved for children under 7 years

Given at 2 mo, 4 mo, 6 mo, 15-18 mo, and 4-6 years

-Td or Tdap boosters every 10 years

-Contraindication: Pertussis is contraindicated if encephalopathy within 7 days of prior dose

27
Q

HIB

A

-Hib can cause epiglottitis ( severe airway obstruction), bacterial meningitis, pneumonia, septic arthritis and pneumonia

-Before Hib, over 20,000 annual infections with about 1000 deaths

-Children over 5 years old usually do not need Hib vaccine.

-But some older children or adults with special health conditions should get it. These conditions include sickle cell disease, HIV/AIDS, removal of the spleen, bone marrow transplant, or cancer treatment with drugs.

-Doses at 2 mo, 4 mo, 6 mo, and 12-18 months

28
Q

PCV13

A

-Protects again streptococcus pneumoniae which causes sepsis, meningitis, otitis media, sinusitis, and pneumonia

-Recommended for children under 5 yo. PPSV vaccine given if indicated in older children and adults.
-Prevnar 13- doses at 2 mo, 4 mo, 6 mo, and 12-15 mo

29
Q

IPV

A

-Polio is a virus causing paralysis and meningitis. Killed thousands before vaccine.

-Doses at 2 mo, 4 mo, 6-18 months, and 4-6 years

-Now exclusively used instead of OPV due to vaccine-associated polio paralysis

-Contraindication: prior reaction to vaccine or components
(MYCIN)

Formalin

Neomycin

Streptomycin

Polymixin B

30
Q

Influenza

A

-Virus causing fever, chills, malaise, runny nose, sore throat, headache, cough

-Can cause pneumonia and death in at risk groups

-Dose: annually at age greater than 6 months

Precautions:

Inactivated virus- flu shot : Don’t give if allergic to eggs

LAIV: Live vaccine- nasal: At least 2 years old

31
Q

MMR

A

-Doses at 12-15 mo and 4-6 years

-Avoid in pregnancy, HIV, cancer

-Airborne and contact precautions for mumps if disease present

-Postpone at least 3-6 months if child has received immunoglobulin

32
Q

VAR ( Varicella )

A

Protects against varicella virus

Rash, itching, fever, tiredness

Skin infections, pneumonia, brain damage, death

-Doses at 12-15 months and 4-6 years

-Contraindicated in decrease immune states, pregnancy, an allergy to gelatin or neomycin

33
Q

HAV( Hepatitis A Virus)

A

-Oral-fecal contamination, contaminated food, person to person contact, blood transfusion (rare)

-First dose 12 months,

-Second dose at least 6 months later (18 months)

34
Q

Meningococcal Vaccine

A

-Prevents meningococcal infections

-Death, limb and digit amputation, scarring, hearing loss, and neurologic disability

-Ensure college freshmen in dorms and military recruits are vaccinated

-Administer at age 11-12

-Booster age 16-18 if first dose before age 16

35
Q

HPV Vaccination

A

-Prevents human papilloma virus which causes cervical cancer and genital warts. Also can cause vulvar or vaginal cancer.

-Minimum age 9 years, recommended at age 11-12 years.

-Recommended before first sexual contact

-1st dose now, then 1-2 months after dose 1, then 6 months after dose 1

-Approved for females and males ages 9-26

-Contraindicated if pregnant

36
Q

Erikson Social - Emotional Developement ( Birth to 12 months)

A

Trust vs. Mistrust

37
Q

Autonomy Vs. Shame

A

12-36 months

38
Q

Initiative Vs Guilt

A

preschool 3 -5 yrs

39
Q

Industry vs Inferiority

A

school age

40
Q

Identity vs Role Confusion

A

12-18 years

41
Q

Intimacy vs Isolation

A

18-25 yrs

42
Q

Generativity Vs Self-absorption and stagnation

A

25-65 yrs

43
Q

Integrity vs Despair

A

65 - death

44
Q

Kohlberg Cognitive Development focus on…

A

Pre conventional level
conventional level
Post Conventional

45
Q

Piaget Cognitive Development consists of?

A

Sensorimotor (birth to 2 years)

Preoperational (2 to 7 years)

Concrete operations (7 to 11 years)

Formal operations (11 to 15 years)

46
Q

Types of play

A

Social character of play

Onlooker play - just watching

Solitary play- playing alone

Parallel play- playing side by side with some one

Associative play

Cooperative play- playing together

Peds (6 decks)

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