Growth and Developement Flashcards
what is development?
The process of change during a person’s life. During this process both increase in mental and physical abilities should occur
What are the type of immunization given?
DTaP-Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis
HBV-Hepatitis B virus
Polio
Rotavirus
PCV-pneumococcal
Hib-Haemophilus infl.
Influenza
Types of Immunization ( CONT)
MMR-Measles, Mumps, Rubella
VZV-Varicella
Meningococcal
HPV – human papilloma virus
HAV-Hepatitis A
COVID
What does Immunization prevent?
- Prevents meningococcal infections
-Death
-Limb
-Hearing loss
-neurological disability - Ensure college freshman in dorms
-Ensure that military recruits are vaccinated
Types of vaccine reactions
Local reactions: Local tenderness or swelling at injection site, low-grade fever, drowsiness, fretfulness, crying
Rarer Moderate Reactions: Seizure
Reactions may occur due to preparation of the vaccine, Neomycin, eggs or yeast culture(HEP B)
Report all vaccine reactions to the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting
What are some Contraindications and Precautions for Vaccines?
- Reasons to withhold immunization
Child Safety
Child max effectiveness when receiving - Avoid always in severe febrile Illness
-Avoid Live vaccines in immunocompromised
-Avoid MMR and varicella for at least 3months after transfusion or immunoglobins - Avoid MMR and Varicella ( Live vaccines) with pregnancy
- Any Allergy to past vaccines or components is contraindicated
What are consideration when administering medication?
- Select Appropriate needle and site selection
- Is the injection given Individually or simultaneously?
- Consider pain interventions (EMLA, coolant spray, distraction in older kids)
-Vastus lateralis or ventrogluteal, deltoid if >18 mos
-Begin a shot record
-Documentation: document when the vaccine was given
- include date, manufacturer and lot number, who and where administered, VIS date, consent
-Education
-VIS (Vaccine Information Statement) must be provided and reviewed by patient/caregiver prior to vaccine administration.
Time frame for HBV ( hepatitis B virus )
birth
1-2 mo
6-18 mo
RV- Rotavirus timeframe
2mo
4mo
6mo
( Can be a series of 2-3 doses given between 15 weeks and 8months)
DTAP( diptheria, tetanus, acelluar pertussis
2,4,6, mo
12-18mo
4-6 yr
IPV( inactivated polio vaccine)
2,4,6-18 mo
4-6yrs
HAV( Hep A)
12mo
HIB( Haemophilus influenzae type B
2,4,6 mo
12-18mo
PCV13
2mo
4mo
6mo
12-15 mo
MMR
12-15mo
4-6 yr
VAR
12-15mo
4-6 y
Influenza
annually > 6months
Meningococcal
routine
11-12yr
16yr - college freshman booster
HPV ( Human papilloma Virus)
routine 11-12y
3 doses, 1, 1-2 months after 1st, 6 months after 1st
What are Kindergarten Shots?
Immunization
4-6 yrs
-DTAP
-IPV
- MMR
-Varicella
Annual Flu Vaccine : Injection or nasal spray
What are 7th-grade shots?
Immunization
11-12 years
TDaP booster
Meningococcal vaccine-11,12 yo, booster 16-18 yo: Need before college
HPV vaccine-9-11yo, 2 month later, 6 months later
Annual flu vaccine: injection or nasal spray
What are 12th-grade shots?
-16-18 years
-Meningococcal vaccine booster: Need before college
-Annual flu vaccine: injection or nasal spray
HBV: Vaccine
-Dosing at birth, 1-2 months, 6 months
-Infants should weigh at least 2 Kg ( 1 pound)
-Give in vastus lateralis or deltoid (older children)
-Contraindicated in yeast allergy
-Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG)- given within 12 hours of birth if mother is HBsAg positive.
-If HBsAg is unknown, administer HBV in first 12 hours, check status, and administer HBIG as soon as possible within the first week
RV: Rotavirus
- prevention of diarrhea caused by rotavirus
Oral vaccine
-Rotarix- 2 doses, first at 6 weeks, second 4 weeks later. Give before 24 weeks
-RotaTeq- 3 doses, first at 6-12 weeks, 2 doses at 4-10 week intervals, not after 32 weeks
May give/schedule with immunizations
First Dose: 2 months of age
Second Dose: 4 months of age
Third Dose: 6 months of age (if needed)
child must get the first dose of rotavirus vaccine before 15 weeks of age, and the last by age 8 months
Small risk of intussusception
who should not get rotavirus vaccine?
-Babies with “severe combined immunodeficiency” (SCID) should not get rotavirus vaccine.
-Babies who have had a type of bowel blockage called “intussusception” should not get rotavirus vaccine. This is also a complication of the vaccine.
DTAP
-Diphtheria-Nasopharyngitis or laryngotracheitis with airway obstruction
-Tetanus-Tightening of muscles in body and jaw (lockjaw)
-Pertussis-Severe cough, pneumonia
-DTaP approved for children under 7 years
Given at 2 mo, 4 mo, 6 mo, 15-18 mo, and 4-6 years
-Td or Tdap boosters every 10 years
-Contraindication: Pertussis is contraindicated if encephalopathy within 7 days of prior dose
HIB
-Hib can cause epiglottitis ( severe airway obstruction), bacterial meningitis, pneumonia, septic arthritis and pneumonia
-Before Hib, over 20,000 annual infections with about 1000 deaths
-Children over 5 years old usually do not need Hib vaccine.
-But some older children or adults with special health conditions should get it. These conditions include sickle cell disease, HIV/AIDS, removal of the spleen, bone marrow transplant, or cancer treatment with drugs.
-Doses at 2 mo, 4 mo, 6 mo, and 12-18 months
PCV13
-Protects again streptococcus pneumoniae which causes sepsis, meningitis, otitis media, sinusitis, and pneumonia
-Recommended for children under 5 yo. PPSV vaccine given if indicated in older children and adults.
-Prevnar 13- doses at 2 mo, 4 mo, 6 mo, and 12-15 mo
IPV
-Polio is a virus causing paralysis and meningitis. Killed thousands before vaccine.
-Doses at 2 mo, 4 mo, 6-18 months, and 4-6 years
-Now exclusively used instead of OPV due to vaccine-associated polio paralysis
-Contraindication: prior reaction to vaccine or components
(MYCIN)
Formalin
Neomycin
Streptomycin
Polymixin B
Influenza
-Virus causing fever, chills, malaise, runny nose, sore throat, headache, cough
-Can cause pneumonia and death in at risk groups
-Dose: annually at age greater than 6 months
Precautions:
Inactivated virus- flu shot : Don’t give if allergic to eggs
LAIV: Live vaccine- nasal: At least 2 years old
MMR
-Doses at 12-15 mo and 4-6 years
-Avoid in pregnancy, HIV, cancer
-Airborne and contact precautions for mumps if disease present
-Postpone at least 3-6 months if child has received immunoglobulin
VAR ( Varicella )
Protects against varicella virus
Rash, itching, fever, tiredness
Skin infections, pneumonia, brain damage, death
-Doses at 12-15 months and 4-6 years
-Contraindicated in decrease immune states, pregnancy, an allergy to gelatin or neomycin
HAV( Hepatitis A Virus)
-Oral-fecal contamination, contaminated food, person to person contact, blood transfusion (rare)
-First dose 12 months,
-Second dose at least 6 months later (18 months)
Meningococcal Vaccine
-Prevents meningococcal infections
-Death, limb and digit amputation, scarring, hearing loss, and neurologic disability
-Ensure college freshmen in dorms and military recruits are vaccinated
-Administer at age 11-12
-Booster age 16-18 if first dose before age 16
HPV Vaccination
-Prevents human papilloma virus which causes cervical cancer and genital warts. Also can cause vulvar or vaginal cancer.
-Minimum age 9 years, recommended at age 11-12 years.
-Recommended before first sexual contact
-1st dose now, then 1-2 months after dose 1, then 6 months after dose 1
-Approved for females and males ages 9-26
-Contraindicated if pregnant
Erikson Social - Emotional Developement ( Birth to 12 months)
Trust vs. Mistrust
Autonomy Vs. Shame
12-36 months
Initiative Vs Guilt
preschool 3 -5 yrs
Industry vs Inferiority
school age
Identity vs Role Confusion
12-18 years
Intimacy vs Isolation
18-25 yrs
Generativity Vs Self-absorption and stagnation
25-65 yrs
Integrity vs Despair
65 - death
Kohlberg Cognitive Development focus on…
Pre conventional level
conventional level
Post Conventional
Piaget Cognitive Development consists of?
Sensorimotor (birth to 2 years)
Preoperational (2 to 7 years)
Concrete operations (7 to 11 years)
Formal operations (11 to 15 years)
Types of play
Social character of play
Onlooker play - just watching
Solitary play- playing alone
Parallel play- playing side by side with some one
Associative play
Cooperative play- playing together
