Health Promotion of Toddlers Flashcards
Weight
at 30 months toddlers should weigh four times their birth weight
height
toddlers grow about 7.5 cm a year
Head circumference and chest
equal by 1 to 2 years of age
language development
increases to between 50 and 300 words by the age of 2years
erikson stage
autonomy vs Shame and doubt
independence is a paramount for toodlers who are attempting to do everything for themselves
Toddlers uses negative responses as they begin to express their independence
self- concept
toddlers develop gender identity by 3 years of age
Age - Appropriate activities
Solitary play evolves into parallel play in which toddlers oserve other children and then might engage in activities near by
nutrition
toddlers begin developing taste preference and are generally picky eaters who request their favorite food
they should consume 24 to 28 oz of milk per day, may switch from drinking whole milk to drinking low-fat milk after age 2
Sleep and Rest
Toddlers typically average 11 to 12 hrs of sleep per day including one nap
Dental health
Children should have an established dental provider by the age of 1 year.
Nothing to eat or drink except water is given to the child after the bedtime cleaning
Health Promotion of Preschoolers
Age 3 to 6 Years
weight
should gain about 2 to 3 kg a year
height
6.2 to 9 cm per year
Gross motor skills: 3 years
rides a tricycle
jumps off bottom of the steps
stand on one foot for a few seconds
gross motor skills: 4 years
skips and hops on one foot
throws ball overhead
Catches ball reliably
gross motor skills: 5 years
Jumps rope
walks backward with heel to toe
Throws and catches a ball with ease
Cognitive developement
preschoolers make judgements based on visual appearances
There thinking include:
Magical thinking ,
Animism, Centration, Time
Language development
The vocabulary of the preschoolers increases to more than 2,100 words by fifth grade year.
This age group enjoys talking, and language becomes their primary method for communication
Eriksons Stage
Intiative vs Guilt
Preschoolers are energetic learners
They feel guilt when they misbehave or when they are unable to accomplish a task
Age appropriate Activities
parallel play shifts to associative play during the preschool years. Play is not organized but cooperation does exist between children
Types of Play in preschoolers
Playing ball
putting puzzles together
role playing
reading books
wading pools
computer programs
electronic games
Nutrition
Preschoolers need 13 to 19 g/day of protein
they also need adequate intake of calcium,iron, folate , vitamin A and C
Sleep and rest
preschoolers need about 12 hours of sleep per day and infrequently take daily naps
Dental Health
Eruption of the primary teeth is finalized by the beginning of the preschool years
Trauma to teeth is common in preschool age children and should be assessed by a dentist
Motor Vehicle injuries
Should transition to a booster when they have outgrown a forward facing carseat
supervise preschool-age children when playing outside and do not allow them to play near a curb or parked car
Health Promotion of School Age Children
6 to 12 years
Weight
will gain 2 to 3 Kg
height
will gain about 5cm per year
cognitive development
-learns to tell time
-classify more complex information
-able to see the perspectives of others
-Able to solve problems
Erikson Stage
Industry vs Inferiority
-industry is achieved through the developement of skills and knowledge that allows the child to provide meaningful contribution to society
- Creating systems that reward sucessful mastery of skills and task can create a sense of inferiority in children if they are not able to complete the tasks or acquire the skill
Social development
peer group play an important part in social developement
- Peer pressure begins to take effect
Age Appropriate Activities
Competitive and cooperative plsy is predominant
Play hopscotch
Jump rope
Collect rocks, stamps, cards, coins or stuffed animals
Join organized sports ( for skill building)
Health Screening
school age children should be screened for scoliosis by examining for a lateral curvature of the spine before and during growth
