Module 1: Basic tissue types: Nervous

Question 1

CNS consists of

Answer 1

brain and spinal cord
integrates sensory info received and initiates and coordinates responses to stimuli
Grey and white matter

Question 2

grey matter

Answer 2

almost all of the neron cell bodies and their associated fibers as well as a bast number of neruoglia

Question 3

white matter

Answer 3

tracts of nerve fibers as well as some neuroglia

consisting of mainly oligodendrocytes (responsible for myelination)

Question 4

meninges

Answer 4

outer surface of the brain and spinal cord is covered by 3 specialized connective tissue layers, collectively known as the meninges

Question 5

cerebral cortex

Answer 5

opposite arrangement of grey and white matter tot hat of the spinal cord
grey matter forms outer cerebral cortex (6 layers)
white matter consists of a mass of fibre tracts in the central core

Question 6

cerebellum

Answer 6

pink staining medullary core of white matter
blue staining covering of grey matter made up of 3 layers

neurons of the grey matters outermost (molecular) layer and inner (granular) layer are relatively small
Purkinje cells found between granular and molecular layers (large multipolar neurons unique to the cerebellum)

Question 7

spinal cord

Answer 7

central butterfly-shaped region of grey matter, in the middle of which is located the central canal
White matter is located outside the grey matter (where myelinated tracts of nerve fibers ascend and descend); main bodies of this area are the neuroglial oligodendrycytes

Question 8

PNS

Answer 8

an extension of the CNS
consists of extensions of brain and spine, the cranial and spinal nerves and nodules of associated neuronal cell bodies (ganglia)

Question 9

divisions of PNS

Answer 9

autonomic nervous system: involuntary functions

somatic nervous system: voluntary

Question 10

cell bodies of all neurons are located in the

Answer 10

CNS with exception of cell bodies of most primary sensory neurons and the terminal effector neurons of the autonomic nervous system

Question 11

nervous tissue cells

Answer 11

impulses of info from neurons spread to other neurons (via synapses in neural pathway)
impulses sent may trigger or inhibit the spread of info (excitatory or inhibitory)
Interneurons or association neurons that coordinate all of the info spread throughout body segments
non dividing, respond to stimuli

Question 12

nerve impulse

Answer 12

waves of excitation generated by nerve cell membranes

Question 13

neurons

Answer 13

large cell body with nucleus, surrounded by cytoplasm (which is perikaryon)
a single axon and one or more dendrites

Question 14

dendrites

Answer 14

highly branched

either end in specialized sensory receptors or form synapses

Question 15

axon hillock

Answer 15

cone shaped portion of cell body that axon arises from

Question 16

terminal boutons

Answer 16

swollen ending of small branches from axon?

Question 17

axons are commonly referred to as

Answer 17

nerve fibres

Question 18

multipolar neuron

Answer 18

most common

many dendrites projecting from cell body

Question 19

bipolar neuron

Answer 19

single dendrite that arises from the pole of the cell body opposite to the origin of the axon
act as receptor neurons for smell, sight, blanace

Question 20

pseudo-unipolar neuron

Answer 20

single dendrite and axon arise from a common sten of the cell body

Question 21

Nissl substance

Answer 21

clumps of highly basophilic cytoplasmic material called Nissl substance/bodies
Represents rough endoplasmic reticulum where protein synthesis takes place
found in perikaryon and dendrites but not present in axon or axon hillock

Question 22

lack of nissl substance

Answer 22

indicates neuron damage

Question 23

Neuroglia

Answer 23

support cells:
astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
microglias
ependymal

Question 24

Astrocytes

Answer 24

star shaped
most numerous glial cells in grey matter
perivascular feet

Question 25

oligodendrocytes

Answer 25

responsible for myelination in the CNS

predominante types of neuroglia in white matter

Question 26

microglias

Answer 26

small phagocytic cells in cns (macrophage-monocytes defense system)
in response to tissue damage, they transform into large, phagocytic cells

Question 27

ependymal cells

Answer 27

form simple cuboidal epi linins of the ventricles of the brain and spinal canal
ciliated at their luminal surface
no basement membrane supporting them