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Civil Engineering Orientation by Renz Magtalas > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

It is the oldest engineering discipline.

A

Civil Engineering

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2
Q

It deals with providing people with a livable built environment consistent with the standards and expectations of modern living through the application of mathematics, science, and human experience.

A

Civil Engineering

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3
Q

What were the first engineers?

A

irragators, architects, and military engineers

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4
Q

When did the humans begin to abandon the nomadic way of life , where the need for water, permanent shelter, religious monuments, burial sites and fortification emerged?

A

Around 4000 B.C.

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5
Q

What were the first challenges imposed on ancient civil engineers?

A

Irrigation of rivers to land, ruler’s desire for larger houses, and protection of growing wealth of early settlements

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6
Q

What are the seven most magnificent engineering feats according to Greek writers around 100 B.C.

A
  1. Great Pyramid of Giza, Egypt
  2. Hanging Gardens of Babylon, Mesopotamia
  3. Statue of Zeus at Olympia, Greece
  4. Temple of Artemis and Ephesus, Modern Turkey
  5. Tomb of King Mausolos of Karia at Halikarnassos, Greece
  6. Colossus of Rhodes, Mediterranean
  7. Pharos Lighthouse of Alexandria, Egypt
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7
Q

What is the meaning of Mesopotamia in Greek?

A

“land between the rivers”

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8
Q

In Southern Mesopotamia, around 5 000 and 6000 years ago , they built city walls and temples and dug canals that comprised the world’s first civil engineering. Who are they?

A

Sumerians

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9
Q

What did the Sumerians do in Southern Mesopotamia that comprised the world’s first civil engineering?

A

built city walls and temples and dug canals

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10
Q

What are the locally available materials in the ancient world?

A

clay, stone, and wood

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11
Q

It is an “arch” that requires no falsework or shoring. Stones are layered in courses, overhanging each previous course until the two sides meet in the middle.

A

Corbel

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12
Q

A system of vertical columns crossed by horizontal beams.

A

Post and Lintel

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13
Q

Other term for post and lintel

A

Horizontal and Vertical Columns

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14
Q

It is a type of triangulated stiff framework made from straight struts and ties.

A

Truss

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15
Q

It is like a corbel but it has more curve in its upper part.

A

Arch and vault

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16
Q

What kind of devices did the Mesopotamia usually use?

A

arch and vault or corbel

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17
Q

They prefer to use corbel or arch and vault because they were abundant in clay.

A

Mesopotamia

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18
Q

These were the civilization that favored post and lintel construction.

A

Egypt, Greece, and China

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19
Q

What country usually uses truss in construction in ancient period due to abundance of wood?

A

Europe

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20
Q

Three factors were the underpinning or foundation of the success of ancient civil engineers.

A
  1. Intensive and careful use of existing principles and tools, such as the water level and astronomical observation.
  2. Unlimited labor and the power to organize and command it.
  3. A different perspective of time
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21
Q

What does the term “medieval” mean?

A

between ages

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22
Q

Medieval is used to describe _____________________.

A

the time in Western Europe between the end of the Roman Era and the beginning of Renaissance in the 15th century

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23
Q

When was the fall of Roman Empire?

A

476

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24
Q

In this period, literacy almost vanished, science became superstition, and engineering deteriorated to rule of thumb craftmanship. What period is it?

A

Medieval Period

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25
Q

Who led the revolution that took place in Arabia in 7th century?

A

Muhammad ibn-Abdallah

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26
Q

It is the intellectual center of the Mediterranean-facing world.

A

Middle East

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27
Q

It was a distinctly Muslim style of building that used domes and arches.

A

Mosque

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28
Q

It is a tall, slender tower from which the public are called to pray and are made by Muslims.

A

Minaret

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29
Q

What do you call the period of time, between 6th to 10th centuries, in Europe in which architecture and engineering stopped being recognized as professions?

A

Dark Ages

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30
Q

Who carried out the design and construction in the Dark Ages and easily rise to become master builder?

A

artisans, such as stone masons and carpenters

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31
Q

Churches in Western Europe were constructed in what style? These were plain, massive stone building with small windows and many round arches

A

Romanesque

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32
Q

In what period was the conflicts between monotheistic religions, Christianity and Islams, and schisms are everyday reality

A

12th and 13th century

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33
Q

In this period engineering began to regain some of the ground lost after the fall of Rome. Scholars begin to ponder the nature of motion, force, and gravity; and Medieval builders made advances in structural forms.

A

12th to 13th century

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34
Q

The most significant engineering achievement in Medieval times was the development of ________.

A

Gothic Cathedral

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35
Q

What does “Gothic” means in Italy? Why?

A

“barbarous” due to the name of one of the early invading ethnic

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36
Q

These were characterized by soaring vaulted interiors and large stained-glass windows.

A

Gothic Cathedral

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37
Q

The structure of Gothic Cathedral was a skeleton, represented by ________ and ________.

A

piers and flying buttresses

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38
Q

True or False. The walls of Gothic Cathedrals were used to as a structural support, not as to keep the weather.

A

False

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39
Q

Lacking scientific principle, Medieval builders relied on _________.

A

Trial and error

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40
Q

This the tallest Gothic Cathedral with a ceiling of 154 ft that collapsed twice.

A

Beauvais Cathedral

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41
Q

What is the noteworthy building type of Medieval period?

A

Fortified castle

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42
Q

Fortified castles were encouraged due to _________.

A

feudal warfares

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43
Q

What is one of the best preserved European style castles that was built in modern–day Syria for the Knights Hospitallers of St. John in the 12th Century?

A

Krak des Chevaliers

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44
Q

Krak des Chevaliers was built in ________ for ___________________.

A

modern-day Syria, for the Knights Hospitallers of St. John in 12th century

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45
Q

What is the finest Medieval Muslim palace remaining today and where is it located?

A

Alhambra in Granada, Spain

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46
Q

Who put forward-looking ideas about locks into practice and when?

A

Bertola de Novate in 1450s

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47
Q

What is the title of the book of L. Sprague de Camp about ancient civil engineers?

A

The Ancient Engineers

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48
Q

Who is the author of the book entitled “The Ancient Engineers”?

A

L. Sprague de Camp

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49
Q

What do you call the river around Mesopotamia?

A

Tigris and Euphrates

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50
Q

What do you call the river in Egypt?

A

Nile River

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51
Q

What do you call the river in India?

A

Indus

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52
Q

What do you call the river in China?

A

Hwang-ho

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53
Q

What does the term “renaissance” mean?

A

rebirth

54
Q

It means “rebirth,” what is it?

A

Renaissance

55
Q

It is the period in 15th century through 16th century in Western Europe.

A

Renaissance Period

56
Q

It refers to the revival of learning that took place between 15th century and 16th century in Western Europe.

A

Renaissance Period

57
Q

In this period, study of classical antiquity, the writing and architecture of Greece and Rome became vogue.

A

Renaissance

58
Q

In this period, the reformation, world exploration, the downfall of the old astronomy that put Earth at the center of the universe, and the creation of the first patent systems for encouraging innovation took place.

A

Renaissance

59
Q

Engineering and architecture, in this age, grew again to be respected, famous, and sometime well-paid.

A

Renaissance

60
Q

He mastered perspective drawing and completed and won the commission to build the famous dome on Florence’s Cathedral, Santa Maria del Fiore.

A

Florentine Filippo Brunelleschi

61
Q

What did Florentine Filippo Brunelleschi build after winnning its commission?

A

Florence’s Cathedral, Santa Maria del Fiore

62
Q

When did Florentine Filippo Brunelleschi first compete for the award for building the Santa Maria del Fiore?

A

1407

63
Q

When did Florentine Filippo Brunelleschi receive the order to build Santa Maria del Fiore?

A

1419

64
Q

When did Florentine Filippo Brunelleschi finish the task of building Santa Maria del Fiore?

A

1436

65
Q

Give the height of the entire Santa Maria del Fiore, the height and diameter of its dome.

A

the entire cathedral is 351 ft high, the dome is 105 ft high and has a 143 ft diameter

66
Q

What is the patent given to Florentine Filippo Brunelleschi?

A

canal boats fitted with cranes capable of moving heavy cargo

67
Q

Who gave the first known patent to Florentine Filippo Brunelleschi?

A

City of Florence

68
Q

Who received the first known patent?

A

Florentine Filippo Brunelleschi

69
Q

What are the two careers of Florentine Filippo Brunelleschi?

A

civil and military engineer

70
Q

Who wrote a book in Latin on rules of thumb for the proportions of structures?

A

Leon Battista Alberti

71
Q

What were the professions of Leon Battista Alberti?

A

An Italian engineer, architect, painter, philosopher, musician, and poet

72
Q

When was the book of Leon Battista Alberti published?

A

1452

73
Q

Who perfected the bridge truss in the 1580s and wrote a book about that subject and others in I quattro libri dell’ architectura” (The Four Books of Architecture)?

A

Palladio

74
Q

In what languages the book of Leon Battista Alberti was translated?

A

Italian, French, Spanish, and English

75
Q

He published a book that surveyed military engineering in 1472.

A

Roberto Valturio

76
Q

When did Roberto Valturio publish his book about surveying military engineering?

A

1472

77
Q

It means “The Four Books of Architecture” in English.

A

I quattro libri dell’ architectura

78
Q

When was the Spanish Inquisition?

A

starting 15th century and lasting for a hundred years

79
Q

When was the Counter-Reformation?

A

16th to mid-17th century

80
Q

When was the Age of Enlightenment?

A

18th century

81
Q

In this age, enlightened Europe had a strong appetite to for attack on the church, and the church began to lose power to nations; the Jesuits were expelled from Portugal, France, Spain, and Naples.

A

Age of Enlightenment

82
Q

At this age, the transition from an agrarian, handcraft-based economy to a machine-dominated economy was underway.

A

Industrial Revolution

83
Q

Who was the first person to be credited with being the first person to call himself a civil engineer and when?

A

John Smeaton in 1768

84
Q

He identified a new and distinct profession that encompassed all nonmilitary engineering.

A

John Smeaton

85
Q

What did John Smeaton establish in 1771?

A

Society of Civil Engineers (now known as Smeatonian Society)

86
Q

What was the objective of John Smeaton?

A

to bring engineers, entrepreneurs, and lawyers to promote the building of large public works

87
Q

What new materials did the Industrial Revolution bring?

A

Cast and wrought iron

88
Q

Who designed the Iron Bridge?

A

Thomas Farnolls Pritchard

89
Q

It is an outstanding monument to both civil engineers and the industrial revolution.

A

Iron Bridge

90
Q

When was the Iron Bridge first opened for traffic over the River Severn in Coalbrookdale, Shopshire, England?

A

1779

91
Q

Iron Bridge was cast in the local foundries by a man named _________.

A

Abraham Darby III

92
Q

Who was the first to use less expensive iron, rather than brass, to cast strong thin pots for the poor?

A

Abraham Darby

93
Q

When did Abraham Darby III begin erecting 378 tons of cast iron to build the Iron Bridge, which spans 100ft?

A

1777

94
Q

When did the first public railroad open?

A

1825

95
Q

Who used cast iron in many innovative bridge designs after being fascinated by the Iron Bridge and is also the first president of the Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE)?

A

Scott Thomas Telford

96
Q

Who designed the first tunnel under the River Thames for the new underground rail system in London?

A

Marc Brunnel and his son, Isambard Kingdom Brunnel

97
Q

Who owned the Great Western Railroad?

A

Isambard Kingdom Brunnel

98
Q

This design of Brunnel in London resulted in flexible covered space without columns.

A

Design of Paddington Station (1849-1854)

99
Q

What are the institutions that helped the development of civil engineering and architects as a profession?

A

Institution of Civil Engineering (ICE) - launched 1818
Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) - launched 1834
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) - launched 1852
American Institute of Architects (AIA) - launched 1857

100
Q

When was the Institute of Civil Engineers (ICE) launched?

A

1818

101
Q

When was the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) launched?

A

1834

102
Q

When was the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) launched?

A

1852

103
Q

When was the American Institute of Architects (AIA) launched?

A

1857

104
Q

It was a 41-mile (66-kilometer) water distribution system constructed for New York City between 1837 and 1842. It brought water from the Croton River into a reservoir in Manhattan.

A

Croton Aqueduct

105
Q

Who design and built the Croton Aqueduct after the plan was abandoned for two years and when did the construction begin?

A

John Bloomfield Jervis in 1837

106
Q

What bridge did Scott Thomas Telford construct using cast iron?

A

Suspension Bridge over Menai Straight in Wales

107
Q

What is the first suspension bridge made of steel cables?

A

Brooklyn Bridge

108
Q

Who designed the Brooklyn Bridge?

A

John Roebling

109
Q

It stretches 5, 989 ft over the East River and connects the New York City boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn.

A

Brooklyn Bridge

110
Q

At the time of its completion, it was the longest suspension bridge in the world.

A

Brooklyn Bridge

111
Q

It was a large cable-stayed road bridge spanning the valley of the River Tarn in Southern France and was completed in 2004.

A

Millau Viaduct

112
Q

It is the tallest vehicular bridge in the world.

A

Millau Viaduct

113
Q

Who designed the Millau Viaduct?

A

Structural Engineer Michel Virlogeux and British Architect Norman Foster

114
Q

What award did the Millau Viaduct win in 2006?

A

2006 International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE) Outstanding Structure Award

115
Q

What is the world’s tallest building before the construction of Burj Khalifa?

A

Taipei 101

116
Q

When was Taipei 101 completed?

A

2005

117
Q

Who designed Taipei 101?

A

C.Y. Lee & Partners

118
Q

Who constructed Taipei 101?

A

Samsung Engineering & Construction

119
Q

What did Taipei 101 use to counteract the building’s movement, reducing sway by 30% to 40%?

A

TMD or steel-tuned mass damper

120
Q

Who holds the record for the world’s tallest building since 2010?

A

Burj Khalifa

121
Q

Former name of Burj Khalifa

A

Burj Dubai

122
Q

How high is the Burj Khalifa?

A

2,717 ft (828m)

123
Q

Enumerate the collection of the world’s tallest man-made structures.

A
  1. Burj Khalifa
  2. Tokyo Skytree
  3. Shanghai Tower
  4. Abraj Al Bait
  5. Canton Tower
  6. CN Tower
  7. One World Trade Center
  8. Ostankino Tower
  9. Willis Tower
  10. Taipei 101
124
Q

What did Marc Brunnel and Isambard Kingdom Brunnel built in London?

A

First tunnel under River Thames for the new underground rail system

125
Q

When was the Croton aqueduct built under expertise of John Bloomfield Jervis?

A

1837 to 1842

126
Q

What is the purpose of the walls of Gothic cathedrals?

A

for the weather

127
Q

How high was the Beauvais Cathedral?

A

154 ft

128
Q

When did Palladio perfected the construction of truss?

A

1580s

129
Q

What is the purpose of Croton aqueduct?

A

to bring water from Croton River into reservoirs of Manhattan

130
Q

When was the Millau Viaduct constructed?

A

2004

Civil Engineering Orientation by Renz Magtalas (8 decks)

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