Module 1 Flashcards
Is the increase in obesity in Australia commensurate with the increase in depression and anxeity
Yes (perhaps)
What proportion of young people in Australia are overweight or obese
25-30%
What proportion of the adult population in Australia are overweight or obese
65%
What mental health disorders increase in odds ratio for every standard deviation increase in unhealthy western diets, according to the Geelong Osteoporosis Study
Mood disorders: MDD, dystemia and bi-polar
But not anxiety
According to the Geelong Osteoporosis Study, are women less likely to have a mood disorder or anxiety disorder with a higher or lower intake of healthy diet
Higher (means healthier)
In the Norweigan replication of the Geelong Osteoporosis study, what was the effect on mood disorders in men and women by higher quality diet scores
Men had reductions in likelihood of depression
Women had reduction in likelihood of depression and anxiety
In studies of the Mediterranean diet, did a higher or lower level of adherence to the diet related to lower risk of new depression
Higher
In the Whitehall study of UK middled aged public servants, what was the relationship between western type diets and whole foods diets on new depression cases at 5-year follow-up
Western diets had an increased risk for new depression
Whole food diets has a decreased risk for new depression
What percentage increase in the risk of new depression is associated with the intake of trans-fats through commercial baked good
40%
What proportion of Australians have comorbid physical and mental health problems
1/9
What organ of the body has the highest concentration of omega-3 fatty acid DHA
The brain
What mineral is required for the synthesis of neurochemicals
Zinc
Is Zinc important for learning and memory
Yes
Does Zinc contribute to lower levels of depression and mental illness
Yes
What mineral helps with nervous system regulation, protein synthesis and making new neural connections
Magnesium
What are the benefits of magnesium
Reduces stress and can assist with sleep
Does Iron transport oxygen through the bloodstream
Yes
How do polyphenols help maintain healthy brain function
By preventing oxidation and inflammation
What are disorders are associated with low levels of omega-3
ADHA, depression, schizophrenia
Do kids show improved learning and behaviour after DHA supplements
Yes
Can vitamin/mineral supplements improve cognitive performance and IQ in school children with less than optimal levels of nutrients to start
Yes
Are juvenile offenders more or less violent after getting supplements
less
Can artificially and naturally occurring substances and foot additivites such as food colouring contributed to ADHD symptoms in kids
Yes
What conceptual model of the body is fibre important for
The gut-brain axis
What is the WHO recommendation for daily sugar intake
No more than 10% of daily total energy intake
No more than 25 grams will provide additional health benefits
How much sugar does an average person consumer per week
1.36kgs
What brain area does sugar shrink and what is that area responsible for
The hippocampus (memory and mood regulation)
Is there an association between sugary drink consumption and depressive symptoms
Yes
Is the association between sugary drink consumption and depressive symptoms stronger in women or men
Women
Is the mediterranean diet associated with reductions in overally mortality, cardio disease, cancer and incidence of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s
Yes
What are the benefits of a 10-day mediterranean diet intervention?
Improved mood, increased energy and contentment
Does combining nutrtition sources such as vitamin c and iron-rich foods have health benefits
Yes
In clinical populations, are carbs associated with enhanced or lower mood in people with obesity, premenstural syndrome and SAD
enhanced
In non-clinical populations, is a carb-diet associated with positive mood and energy and reductions in anger, anxiety and depression
Yes
What is the contensted neural explanation for the beneficial effects of carbs on mood
Increase of tryptophan in brain which increases serotonin
Are low-car or low-fat diets more effective for weight loss and cardio health
Low-carb
What sociopsychological factor mediates food choices
Attitudes
Can food decisions be motivated by senses such as smells
Yes
Is the association between pleasant smells and tastes with positive feelings innate or learned
Learned
Are ALA, EPA, and DHA the three fatty-acids
Yes
Are omega-3 fatty acids associated with neuronal growth, enhanced mood, reduced heart disease and delay of dementia
Yes
Is the efficacy of fish oil supplements clear
No. Mixed results
Are supplements with high EPA good for treating MDD alongside anti-depressants
Yes
Are fish oils supplements efficacious in reducing cardio disease
No
Do antioxidants in coffee have beneficial effects on protecting against dementia in later life
Yes
What percentage reduction is there in risk of depression in women who drink coffee vs those who are non-drinkers
20%
Is there evidence of a placebo effect in coffee
Yes
What is the main health benefit of fermented foods
Good for gut bacteria
Are fermented food associated with fewer symptoms of social anxiety
Yes
Do probiotics which improve gut bacteria also improve depressive symptoms
Yes, but more study is required
Do pregnant women who consume chocolate daily have a more positive child temperament
Yes
Does chocolate lead to increased psychological and emotional well-being among men vs other types of sweets
Yes
In elderly men and post-menopausal women, how much dark chocolate should be consumed each day to enhance cognition and reduced risks of cancer, diabetes and heart disease
100g
Does chocolate lower blood pressure, blood sugar and cortisol as well as improve cellular processing of sugar
Yes
Does chocolate release endorphins
Yes
Does choclate work through similar chemical mechanisms as cannabis and amphetamines
Yes (anadamides and phenylethylamine)
Does chocolate have a long-term effect on mood
No
Can chocolate have a boomerang effect
Yes. Consumption can be followed by guilt or regret
Does yoga reduce stress, anxiety, depression and enhance sleep
Yes
Does yoga increase perceptions of quality of life and decrease perceived stress
Yes
