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21st century psychology > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Is the increase in obesity in Australia commensurate with the increase in depression and anxeity

A

Yes (perhaps)

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2
Q

What proportion of young people in Australia are overweight or obese

A

25-30%

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3
Q

What proportion of the adult population in Australia are overweight or obese

A

65%

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4
Q

What mental health disorders increase in odds ratio for every standard deviation increase in unhealthy western diets, according to the Geelong Osteoporosis Study

A

Mood disorders: MDD, dystemia and bi-polar

But not anxiety

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5
Q

According to the Geelong Osteoporosis Study, are women less likely to have a mood disorder or anxiety disorder with a higher or lower intake of healthy diet

A

Higher (means healthier)

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6
Q

In the Norweigan replication of the Geelong Osteoporosis study, what was the effect on mood disorders in men and women by higher quality diet scores

A

Men had reductions in likelihood of depression

Women had reduction in likelihood of depression and anxiety

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7
Q

In studies of the Mediterranean diet, did a higher or lower level of adherence to the diet related to lower risk of new depression

A

Higher

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8
Q

In the Whitehall study of UK middled aged public servants, what was the relationship between western type diets and whole foods diets on new depression cases at 5-year follow-up

A

Western diets had an increased risk for new depression

Whole food diets has a decreased risk for new depression

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9
Q

What percentage increase in the risk of new depression is associated with the intake of trans-fats through commercial baked good

A

40%

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10
Q

What proportion of Australians have comorbid physical and mental health problems

A

1/9

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11
Q

What organ of the body has the highest concentration of omega-3 fatty acid DHA

A

The brain

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12
Q

What mineral is required for the synthesis of neurochemicals

A

Zinc

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13
Q

Is Zinc important for learning and memory

A

Yes

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14
Q

Does Zinc contribute to lower levels of depression and mental illness

A

Yes

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15
Q

What mineral helps with nervous system regulation, protein synthesis and making new neural connections

A

Magnesium

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16
Q

What are the benefits of magnesium

A

Reduces stress and can assist with sleep

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17
Q

Does Iron transport oxygen through the bloodstream

A

Yes

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18
Q

How do polyphenols help maintain healthy brain function

A

By preventing oxidation and inflammation

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19
Q

What are disorders are associated with low levels of omega-3

A

ADHA, depression, schizophrenia

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20
Q

Do kids show improved learning and behaviour after DHA supplements

A

Yes

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21
Q

Can vitamin/mineral supplements improve cognitive performance and IQ in school children with less than optimal levels of nutrients to start

A

Yes

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22
Q

Are juvenile offenders more or less violent after getting supplements

A

less

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23
Q

Can artificially and naturally occurring substances and foot additivites such as food colouring contributed to ADHD symptoms in kids

A

Yes

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24
Q

What conceptual model of the body is fibre important for

A

The gut-brain axis

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25
Q

What is the WHO recommendation for daily sugar intake

A

No more than 10% of daily total energy intake

No more than 25 grams will provide additional health benefits

26
Q

How much sugar does an average person consumer per week

A

1.36kgs

27
Q

What brain area does sugar shrink and what is that area responsible for

A

The hippocampus (memory and mood regulation)

28
Q

Is there an association between sugary drink consumption and depressive symptoms

A

Yes

29
Q

Is the association between sugary drink consumption and depressive symptoms stronger in women or men

A

Women

30
Q

Is the mediterranean diet associated with reductions in overally mortality, cardio disease, cancer and incidence of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s

A

Yes

31
Q

What are the benefits of a 10-day mediterranean diet intervention?

A

Improved mood, increased energy and contentment

32
Q

Does combining nutrtition sources such as vitamin c and iron-rich foods have health benefits

A

Yes

33
Q

In clinical populations, are carbs associated with enhanced or lower mood in people with obesity, premenstural syndrome and SAD

A

enhanced

34
Q

In non-clinical populations, is a carb-diet associated with positive mood and energy and reductions in anger, anxiety and depression

A

Yes

35
Q

What is the contensted neural explanation for the beneficial effects of carbs on mood

A

Increase of tryptophan in brain which increases serotonin

36
Q

Are low-car or low-fat diets more effective for weight loss and cardio health

A

Low-carb

37
Q

What sociopsychological factor mediates food choices

A

Attitudes

38
Q

Can food decisions be motivated by senses such as smells

A

Yes

39
Q

Is the association between pleasant smells and tastes with positive feelings innate or learned

A

Learned

40
Q

Are ALA, EPA, and DHA the three fatty-acids

A

Yes

41
Q

Are omega-3 fatty acids associated with neuronal growth, enhanced mood, reduced heart disease and delay of dementia

A

Yes

42
Q

Is the efficacy of fish oil supplements clear

A

No. Mixed results

43
Q

Are supplements with high EPA good for treating MDD alongside anti-depressants

A

Yes

44
Q

Are fish oils supplements efficacious in reducing cardio disease

A

No

45
Q

Do antioxidants in coffee have beneficial effects on protecting against dementia in later life

A

Yes

46
Q

What percentage reduction is there in risk of depression in women who drink coffee vs those who are non-drinkers

A

20%

47
Q

Is there evidence of a placebo effect in coffee

A

Yes

48
Q

What is the main health benefit of fermented foods

A

Good for gut bacteria

49
Q

Are fermented food associated with fewer symptoms of social anxiety

A

Yes

50
Q

Do probiotics which improve gut bacteria also improve depressive symptoms

A

Yes, but more study is required

51
Q

Do pregnant women who consume chocolate daily have a more positive child temperament

A

Yes

52
Q

Does chocolate lead to increased psychological and emotional well-being among men vs other types of sweets

A

Yes

53
Q

In elderly men and post-menopausal women, how much dark chocolate should be consumed each day to enhance cognition and reduced risks of cancer, diabetes and heart disease

A

100g

54
Q

Does chocolate lower blood pressure, blood sugar and cortisol as well as improve cellular processing of sugar

A

Yes

55
Q

Does chocolate release endorphins

A

Yes

56
Q

Does choclate work through similar chemical mechanisms as cannabis and amphetamines

A

Yes (anadamides and phenylethylamine)

57
Q

Does chocolate have a long-term effect on mood

A

No

58
Q

Can chocolate have a boomerang effect

A

Yes. Consumption can be followed by guilt or regret

59
Q

Does yoga reduce stress, anxiety, depression and enhance sleep

A

Yes

60
Q

Does yoga increase perceptions of quality of life and decrease perceived stress

A

Yes

21st century psychology (6 decks)

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