module 03 | human factors, codes, standards Flashcards
anthropometrics are helpful in what areas of design?
- the design of consumer products
- the development of codes + standards
what are anthropometrics?
the focus on size, proportion, and range of human motion
what are ergonomics?
the relationship between the human body and the physical environment
________________ data is used as a basis for ________________.
- anthropometrics
- ergonomics
what is the term for how people use space based on their circumstance, social environment, or cultural context?
proxemics
what is a sociopetal furniture arrangement?
a sociopetal arrangement encourages social interaction
what is a sociofugal furniture arrangement?
a sociofugal arrangement discourages social interaction
the first goal of interior design is to design a space that is __________?
- livable
what two factors does good design consider?
- function
- the relationship of people to their environment
what percentage of the population is neurodivergent?
~15% - 20%
what is one of the most effective ways to design for sensory diversity?
provide choices
how is acoustic noise different from sound?
sound is what a person hears, whereas noise is unwanted sound
what is the term for the practice of designing spaces and products that everyone can use?
universal design
what is the aim of universal design?
to satisfy the needs of disabled, able-bodied, young, and old persons without segregating any particular group
what are the seven principles of universal design?
- equitable use
- flexibility in use
- simple + intuitive use
- perceptible information
- tolerance for error
- low physical effort
- appropriate size + space
how does universal design differ from accessible design?
universal design aims to satisfy everyone, while accessible design focuses on those with disabilities
what is static load (in relation to ff+e)?
the maximum amount of non-moving weight a piece of equipment / furniture can bear
what is dynamic load (in relation to ff+e)?
the accommodation of a person’s falling weight
what part of the egress system is exit discharge?
exit discharge is the section that connects the exit with a public way
what areas of a building can be used as exit discharge?
- a main lobby
- exterior exit stairways
- exit courts
what is a common path of egress?
a common path is the part of the exit access path before two separate paths to two different exits become available
(think of a fork in the road)
the limit of the common path of travel distance is limited to _________________ in most occupancies.
75’
what is the term for the distance an occupant must travel from the most remote point of an exit access to the nearest exit?
maximum travel distance
what two factors is the travel distance based upon?
- the occupancy type
- whether or not the building is sprinklered
what factors are the number of required exits based upon?
- the occupancy type
- the occupancy load of the space
- the limitations on travel distance length
when two exits are required from a space, what is the minimum distance required between the exits?
- 1/2 the diagonal dimension of the room, unsprinklered
- 1/3 the diagonal dimension of the room, sprinklered
what is the calculation for the minimum exit width dimension in a stairway?
exit width = 0.3 x occupant load
what is the calculation for the minimum exit width dimension in a corridor?
exit width = 0.2 x occupant load
in spaces with more than one exit, means of egress shall be configured such that:
the loss of an exit or access to an exit shall not reduce the capacity to less than half of the room’s original capacity
what is the main method of fire separation in a building?
compartmentation
what are the four aims of compartmentation?
- contain a fire
- limit the spread of a fire
- allow occupants to escape the building
- protect unaffected parts of the building
how is horizontal fire separation achieved?
through the use of fire-rated walls
how is vertical fire separation achieved?
through the use of fire-resistive floor-ceiling assemblies
structural compartmentation is achieved through what four means?
- door assembly ratings
- floor-ceiling assemblies
- fire-rated walls
- fire separations
true or false: any penetrations to a fire-resistive barrier must also be fire-rated
true
what is the difference between a fire wall and a fire partition?
a fire wall is a continuous, rated exterior wall, whereas a fire partition is a rated interior wall
fire partitions are required to achieve what fire-resistance rating?
1-hour
fire walls typically achieve what fire-resistance rating?
3 - 4-hour
name the five most common fire partition locations:
- corridor walls
- elevator lobby walls
- walls separating dwelling units
- walls separating r-1, r-2, and i-1 residential guest rooms
- walls separating tenants in covered shopping malls
what is the term for a fire-resistance-rated structure designed to confine fire and allow for safe passage?
fire barrier
fire barriers are used in what three settings?
- enclose exits and incidental use areas
- separate occupancies in a mixed-use space
- separate single occupancies into different fire areas
what components are included in a door assembly?
- door
- frame
- hardware
- glazing
what is nfpa 80?
standard for fire doors + other protective openings
what is nfpa 101?
life safety code
true or false: fire doors must be self-closing and positive latching.
true
who does an a/v alarm in public mode notify?
all of occupants
who does an a/v alarm in private mode notify?
only those who are expected to respond to the emergency
what is nfpa 70?
standard for electrical safety in the workplace
what does astm e662 test for?
the specific optical density of smoke generated by solid materials
what does astm d2859 test for?
the ignition characteristics of finished textile floor covering materials
what is another name for astm d2859?
methenamine pill test
what is nfpa 269?
standard test method for developing toxic potency data for use in fire hazard modeling
what is astm e1678?
standard test method for measuring smoke toxicity for use in fire hazard analysis
what is cal tb 117-2013?
testing the flame retardance of resilient filling materials used in upholstered furniture
what is ansi a137.1?
standard specification for ceramic tile
what is ansi a326.3?
test method for dcof of hard surface flooring materials
what is the minimum dcof rating for floor surfaces that will be wet?
0.42
when studying the dcof of floor materials, the higher the number, the _____________________________.
less slippery the surface will be
what is astm d5116?
standard guide for small-scale environmental chamber determinations of organic emissions from indoor materials
what is astm d6670?
standard practice for full-scale chamber detection of volatile emissions from indoor materials
what is conduction?
heat transfer from direct contact with cooler surfaces
ex: holding a hot mug of coffee
what is convection?
surrounding air absorbs heat
ex: increasing air flow in a crowded room helps to dissipate an increase in ambient temperature
what is radiation?
heat transfer to cooler objects without direct contact
ex: sitting near a fire or sunny window on a cold day
what is evaporation?
heat drawn from the body by turning liquid into vapor
ex: sweating
what types of heat transfer are ineffective if the air temperature is the same as one’s body temperature?
- radiation
- convection
- conduction
what does the 2010 ada standards for accessible design outline?
the minimum requirements to stop discrimination towards people with disabilities
what is exit access?
the portion of the egress system that leads from an occupied area to the entrance of an exit
what hour rating should be specified for an exit?
1 - 2-hour
