fx | week 02 review Flashcards
section 03 | design communication techniques section 05 | interior building materials + finishes
what are the three types of drawing scales?
architect’s scale: fractions of an inch
metric scale: graduated in proportions (1:5, 1:50)
engineer’s scale: feet + fractions of a foot (1”=40’)
which two architect’s scale increments should rarely be used?
3/16” = 1’-0”, 3/32” = 1’-0”
what are the two main differences between a dd presentation and an earlier design presentation?
a dd presentation will show a greater level of detail + specificity.
what is the term for directing design based on a system of beliefs or philosophy?
design theory
what is the term for the practice of basing design decision on credible research?
evidence-based design (ebd)
what are examples of social + cultural beliefs that influence design?
- political conditions
- economic conditions
- cultural conditions
- symbolism
- regionalism
what are proxemics?
the interrelated observations and theories about how people use space as a specialized elaboration of culture.
what are the four distances of Hall’s study of human behavior?
- intimate distance (0” - 18”)
- personal distance (18” - 48”)
- social distance (48” - 12’-0”)
- public distance (12-0” +)
what is the americans with disabilities act?
created in 1990, ada requires that all commercial + public accommodations be accessible to people with disabilities.
the ada is a complex four-title civil rights law, which title applies most to designers?
title iii - public accommodations and commercial facilities
other regulations exist to govern accessibility in areas such as multi-family and federal work. icc/ansi standards do these regulations need to follow?
icc/ansi standard a117.1 - accessible and usable buildings and facilities
what is an accessible route?
a continuous, unobstructed path connecting all accessible elements + spaces in a building.
what is the minimum width of a clear route?
36” w
what is the minimum passage width for two wheelchairs?
60” w
what is the protocol for accessible routes less than 60” wide?
60” wide passing spaces must be available at intervals not exceeding 200’-0”.
what is the maximum slope of an accessible route?
slopes can be no steeper than 1” per 20”, or 5%.
what is the minimum clear floor space in an accessible route for one stationary wheelchair?
30” x 48”
what is the minimum clear opening with for a doorway?
32”, when opened at 90 degrees.
what is the maximum depth of a 32” doorway?
24”. if the area is deeper, the door width must be increased to 36”.
what is the maximum elevation change of a doorway threshold?
1/4”. elevation changes between 1/4” - 1/2” need a beveled transition strip.
a ramp specification is needed for any vertical change greater than ________?
1/2”
what is the minimum toe clearance for the front partition of a toilet stall?
9”
what is the maximum height of the elongated rim of a urinal?
17”
what is the dimension of clear space needed in front of a urinal?
30” x 48”
what type of lavatory installation is best for accessibility concerns?
a wall-hung lavatory.
what is the maximum slope for a ramp?
1” per 12”
what is the maximum rise for a ramp before a landing is needed?
30” rise
at what height does a ramp require a handrail?
a ramp rise greater than 6” requires a handrail. runs longer than 72” must have a handrail on both sides.
how far must handrails extend past the start / stop of a stair or ramp?
12”
what is a detectable warning?
a surface feature built-in or applied to walking surfaces to warn of hazards on a circulation path.
a person with a cane can detect a protruding object if its lower edge is less than what height?
27”
what percentage of seating must be accessible in a public area?
5%
what is the term for the attempt to make all environments and products usable by everyone regardless of age, ability, or circumstances?
universal design
what is the composition of gypsum wallboard?
a gypsum core sandwiched between heavy paper.
what advantages come with gypsum wallboard?
- low install cost
- easy installation
- fire-resistance
- sound control capacity
- easy availability
- easy installation of doors + openings
what thickness of gyp is used in commercial work?
3/8”
1/4” thick gyp is mainly used in which applications?
curved surfaces + applying a new finish over existing walls and ceilings.
2-layer gyp applications are best for __________?
added fire-resistance + additional acoustic control between rooms.
type x gyp is mainly used in which applications?
- fire-rated partitions
- foil-backed vapor barriers
- behind tile or other moist conditions
- a backer for 2-layer applications
what type of studs are typical for residential construction?
wood studs - most often in 2” x 4” and 2” x 6” sizes.
what type of studs are typical for commercial construction?
metal studs - available in 1 5/8”, 2 1/2”, 3 5/8”, 4”, and 6” widths.
how far apart are metal studs normally placed?
16” - 24” on center.
what is synthetic gypsum?
a chemically identical alternative to natural gypsum, but is a byproduct of various manufacturing, industrial, and chemical processes.
what are the ingredients of plaster?
- cementing compounds
- fine aggregate
- water
what is the name for structural substrate by which plaster is applied atop?
lath. most commonly metal rib lath or gypsum board lath.
what is the benefit of applying plaster over lath?
additional strength + rigidity.
what is the size limit of glass block panels?
250 square feet, or 25’ in any direction.
what is a demountable partition?
a system of individual components that can be quickly assembled, disassembled, and reused with nearly total salvageability.
what are the four main components of a demountable partition?
- floor runners
- ceiling runners
- stud sections with clips to hold panels
- prefinished gyp panels
what is the only acceptable door type for exit doors?
swinging doors
what is a hollow-core door?
composed of 1 - 3 plies of veneer on each side of a cellular interior.
what are the composition options for a solid-core door?
- particlecore
- stave core
- mineral core
what are the three most common metal door types?
- steel with a painted finish
- 18 gauge steel - light duty
- 16 gauge steel - heavy duty
what is the standard size + thickness of a glass door?
3’-0” x 7’-0” and 1/2” - 3/4” thick.
can glass doors be fire-rated?
no
what is the term for the vertical member between double doors?
astragals
why is an astragal necessary?
astragals provide a seal to the door opening, act as a doorstop, and can provide extra security when doors are closed.
what is laminated glass?
glazing that is composed of two or more layers of glass bonded together by an inner layer of polyvinyl butryal.
what are the four types of fire-rated glass?
- clear ceramic (high impact resistance)
- tempered fire-protective glass
- 2 - 3 layers of tempered glass with a clear polymer gel
- glass block
what is a listed device?
a product that has been shown to meet applicable standards for use in fire-rated assemblies.
describe the components of a commercial gyp ceiling.
- mep systems are applied to a ceiling grid
- metal furring channels attach to the bottom side of the grid
- gyp screws into metal furring
what is an integrated ceiling?
suspended systems designed to accommodate act, light fixtures, supply + return grilles, sprinklers, and partition attachment is a consistent, unified way.
what material results from an alloy of steel containing 12% or more of chromium?
stainless steel
what are the benefits of stainless steel?
- corrosion-resistance
- strength
- appearance
what is finish carpentry?
the exposed wood construction assembled at the job site by finish carpenters.
what is the term for a plywood with a thin, smooth veneer?
medium-density overlay
what is the calculation for the tread dimension?
2r + t = 25”
what trade association goes by the acronym NOFMA?
national oak flooring manufacturers association
what trade association goes by the acronym MFMA?
maple flooring manufacturers association
what is the best wood grade for flooring?
clear - most uniform color
what is a good, natural alternative to maple or oak flooring?
bamboo - environmentally sensitive and twice as hard as red oak + maple.
what are the components of terrazzo flooring?
- chips (marble, granite, quartzite, etc)
- cementitious matrix
what type of terrazzo flooring uses chips larger than 3/8”?
venetian terrazzo
what type of terrazzo flooring uses thin, fractured marble chips?
palladian terrazzo
what is the composition of cork flooring?
granulated pieces of cork bark bonded under heat + pressure.
what is the composition of linoleum flooring?
- oxidized linseed oil
- wood flour
- pigment
- fillers
- (all atop) asphalt felt
calcium chloride tests, hygrometer tests, polyethylene sheet tests, electrical impedance tests, and ph tests are used to analyze what?
the level of moisture in concrete.
what are the four types of fibers used in carpets?
- wool
- nylon
- acrylic
- olefin
what are the benefits of using carpet cushioning?
- increases the life of the carpet
- provides resilience and comfort
- absorbs sound
- lessens impact noise
what requirements are laid out in astm d2859?
methenamine pill test - the response of a carpet sample to a burning methenamine tablet
what is the water absorption rate of non-vitreous tile?
7% water absorption rate
what is the water absorption rate of impervious tile?
0.5% water absorption rate
where are expansion joints needed for tile flooring?
expansion joints are needed any place in which the tile abuts restraining surfaces (columns, walls, pipes, etc)
expansion joints need to be filled with __________ rather than ______________?
sealant, grout
what measures the degree of slip resistance of a floor surface?
coefficient of friction (cof) - ranging from values of 0 - 1.
how is carpet measured?
in square yards
what is the cut length for drapery?
a combination of desired length, the header, and the bottom hem.
what is the drapery fullness factor?
the amount of fabric taken by pleating.
