Modern Understanding of Inheritance

Question 1

Aneuploid

Answer 1

individual with an error in chromosome number; includes chromosome segment deletions and duplications

Question 2

Autosome

Answer 2

any of the non-sex chromosomes

Question 3

Centimorgan (cM)

Answer 3

(also, map unit) relative distance that corresponds to a 0,01 recombination frequency

Question 4

Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance

Answer 4

theory proposing that chromosomes are the genes’ vehicles and that their behavior during meiosis is the physical basis of the inheritance patterns that Mendel observed

Question 5

Chromosome inversion

Answer 5

detachment, 180° rotation, and chromosome arm reinsertion

Question 6

Euploid

Answer 6

individual with the appropriate number of chromosomes for their species

Question 7

Homologous recombination

Answer 7

process by which homologous chromosomes undergo reciprocal physical exchanges at their arms, also crossing over

Question 8

Karyogram

Answer 8

a karyotype’s photographic image

Question 9

Karyotype

Answer 9

an individual’s chromosome number and appearance; includes the size, banding patterns, and centromere position

Question 10

Monosomy

Answer 10

otherwise diploid genotype in which one chromosome is missing

Question 11

Nondisjunction

Answer 11

failure of synapsed homologs to completely separate and migrate to separate poles during the meiosis’ first cell division

Question 12

Nonparental (recombinant) type

Answer 12

progeny resulting from homologous recombination that exhibits a different allele combination compared with its parents

Question 13

Paracentric

Answer 13

inversion that occurs outside the centromere

Question 14

Parental Type

Answer 14

progeny that exhibits the same allelic combination as its parents

Question 15

Pericentric

Answer 15

inversion that involves the centromere

Question 16

Polyploid

Answer 16

individual with an incorrect number of chromosome sets

Question 17

Recombination Frequency

Answer 17

average number of crossovers between two alleles; observed as the number of nonparental types in a progeny’s population

Question 18

Translocation

Answer 18

process by which one chromosome segment dissociates and reattaches to a different, nonhomologous chromosome

Question 19

Trisomy

Answer 19

otherwise diploid genotype in which one entire chromosome duplicates

Question 20

X inactivation

Answer 20

condensing X chromosomes into Barr bodies during embryonic development in females to compensate for the double genetic dose