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Anthropology Test 2 > Modern Humans- Our Origin > Flashcards

Modern Humans- Our Origin Flashcards

1
Q

what makes us different from other hominins?

A

fluent speech, creativity, expert toolmaking, cognitive flexibility

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2
Q

what is the most SIGNIFICANT difference between modern humans and early hominins?

A

we carry the FOXP2 gene which is required for proper development of speech and language

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3
Q

what other hominins possess the FOXP2 gene?

A

Neanderthals

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4
Q

do chimps possess the ability to create speech?

A

no, they do not have the vocal tract structure to create speech

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5
Q

what are the 3 origin theories that are debated when talking about homo sapiens?

A
  1. multiregionalism
  2. recent single origin theory
  3. assimilation
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6
Q

describe the multiregionalism theory

A

we evolved from multiple regions of the world, preventing splitting into one common race

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7
Q

describe the recent single origin theory

A

we all evolved in Africa & displaced others through migration **in the last 200,000yrs

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8
Q

describe the assimilation theory

A

humans left Africa & mated with Neanderthals & Denisovans

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9
Q

what origin theory does DNA support? Explain why

A

the assimilation model; 1-4% of homo sapiens have Neanderthal DNA except those with African origin

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10
Q

what theory does mitochondrial DNA support? what is significant about this type of DNA?

A

single origin theory; only females carry mtDNA

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11
Q

the earliest archaic H. Sapiens were found where in the world?

A

Bodo-600,000ya and
Ileret-300,000ya in East Africa

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12
Q

the earliest archaic H. Sapiens derived from what hominin?

A

H. Erectus

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13
Q

when did more modern H. Sapiens appear?

A

200,000ya

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14
Q

do any other places in the world aside from Africa have evidence of pre-modern H. Sapiens?

A

no.

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15
Q

when did H. Sapiens first appear in the middle east?

A

100,000ya

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16
Q

what sites in Africa (not Bodo or Ileret) had evidence of more modern homo sapiens?

A

Klaises River Mouth-90,000ya and
Border Cave Site-80,000ya

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17
Q

what was found at the Klaises River Mouth?

A

flakes, debitage and human bones

18
Q

what was found at the Border Cave Site?

A

jaw and arm bone

19
Q

After migrating into the M.East, where else and in what order did H. Sapiens migrate to in the world?

A
  1. Europe
  2. Asia
  3. Australia
  4. The Americas
20
Q

was their likely overlap of H. Sapiens and Neanderthals in the M. East?

A

yes

21
Q

where is it believed that H. Sapiens and Neanderthals overlapped in the M. East?

A

Israel, at the Amud and Tabun caves- 100,000ya

22
Q

when did Denisovans exist?

A

during the lower and middle paleolithic

23
Q

Denisovans are similar to what hominin?

A

Neanderthals

24
Q

Do Denisovans have a common ancestor with H. Sapiens and Neanderthals?

A

yes

25
Q

when did the split between Denisovans and modern humans occur?

A

550,000ya

26
Q

when did the split between Denisovans and Neanderthals occur?

A

less than 400,000ya

27
Q

Denisovan DNA is found in what indigenous groups in the world and how much?

A

Malaysians, Indigenous Australia and Filipinos; 5%

28
Q

The African Middle Stone Age was significant because..?

A

it replaced Archeulean industries in Africa

29
Q

when was the African Stone Age?

A

during the middle paleolithic; 200,000-300,000ya

30
Q

when did the African Stone Age end?

A

40,000ya

31
Q

what types of tools were found during the African stone age?

A

blade tools, made using the pressure flaking technique

32
Q

what is pressure flaking?

A

using something like antler or bone to break off flakes of rock

33
Q

what was special about blade tools?

A

they were 2 times longer than they were wide and more efficient than other types of tools

34
Q

what 3 tool industries were prevalent during the African Middle Stone Age?

A

Aterian, Sangoan/Lupemban and Howiesons Port

35
Q

Aterian culture was first to use what? where was it found?

A

bow and arrow; Africa

36
Q

Sangoan culture was known for what and found where?

A

bifacial triangular shaped tools; found in Uganda

37
Q

Howiesons Poort had the first type of what tool?

A

multitools

38
Q

where were barbed/unbarabed stone points seen for the first time in the world?

A

Katanda, Africa- less than 75,000ya

39
Q

Are the bone tools found at the Katanda site in Africa the oldest in the world of its type?

A

yes

40
Q

what was found at Blombos cave in South africa?

A

ochre with incised designs; it is considered the oldest rock art in the world

41
Q

what else was significant about the African Middle stone age?

A

there was evidence of hunting large game, intense use of fire and exploitation of marine resources

Anthropology Test 2 (15 decks)

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