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Anthropology Test 2 > Megaliths In Great Britain > Flashcards

Megaliths In Great Britain Flashcards

1
Q

megaliths were born during what prehistoric time period?

A

neolithic

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2
Q

what did megalith construction show?

A

-labor intensive work
-seen as connections between the dead and living domains
-shifting into new territories over time

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3
Q

Winterbourne Stoke Barrows are what?

A

-mounds that were cremation burials

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4
Q

when did the excavation occur at Stonehenge? (Salisbury plains)

A

3600BC- a ditch was made that was 100m deep along with 56 small holes (chalk pits) called Aubrey pits

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5
Q

around 2600BC, what happened during the construction of SH?

A

transportation of bluestones from Wales

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6
Q

how far were the bluestones from the site of SH?

A

150kms

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7
Q

how many trilithons were used to construct SH?

A

15- 5 sets of 2 upright, one cap stone

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8
Q

what was the weight of the sarsens used to build SH?

A

7-40 tonnes

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9
Q

what type of stone is sarsen?

A

a sandstone tougher than granite

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10
Q

when did the FIRST stage of SH begin?

A

5000ya

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11
Q

how many more stones were used at the original site of SH?

A

60 sarsens; some were used as uprights and capstones

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12
Q

how many burials were found to be at SH?

A

250

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13
Q

what is significant about the burials at SH?

A

they were buried with grave goods, and close to the structure.

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14
Q

Stone henge was a symbol of what?

A

eternity and a liaison between the dead and living domains

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15
Q

what was found in Aubrey pits and what were they actually used for?

A

cremated remains were found, the theory is they may have been built for astrological reasons or to hold up wooden poles

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16
Q

what is the formal name of the capstones of SH?

A

lintels

17
Q

the 2 upright rocks with a lintel on the top are called what?

A

trilithons

18
Q

what material belongs to the realm of the dead?

A

stone

19
Q

what material belongs to the realm of the living?

A

wood

20
Q

the remains of 50 a person reburial was found in a burlap sack with a commemorative plaque on top..when were they first dug up, reburied and what do we know about the people?

A

-discovered between 1921-1923
- reburied in 1935
-35 lbs of bones
-majority were adult males between the ages of 25-40yrs

21
Q

what is the most famous discovery around the SH? describe it.

A

-Amesbury Archer (got his name bc he was buried with arrows)
-2300BC
-35-45yrs old
-isotopic testing says he’s likely from Switzerland or Germany
- found with gold jewelry, copper knives, flint tools and stone wrist guards.

22
Q

what river passed between SH and the Durrington walls?

A

river avon

23
Q

how far from SH were the Durrington walls?

A

1 mile

24
Q

Durrington walls were seen as what?

A

places of feasting and temporary shelter for the people building stone henge

25
Q

the 30ft wide path found between the durrington walls and river avon was called what and what was the theory about it?

A

earthwork avenue
-it was constructed as a roadway to the river, turned out it was natural to the landscape

26
Q

Durrington walls was what kind of structure?

A

a timbre circle about the same size as stone henge

27
Q

during the sunrise of the summer solstice and the sunset of the winter solstice, what structures line up with each?

A

-sunrise of summer solstice lined up with Stone Henge
-sunset of winter solstice lined up with Durrington walls

28
Q

during the sunset of the summer solstice and the sunrise of the winter solstice, what structures line up with each

A

-Durrington walls lined up with the winter solstice
-Stone Henge lined up with the summer solstice

29
Q

what did the sunset and sunrise positions around stone henge and the Durrington walls tell people?

A

6 months had passed

30
Q

describe Bluestone henge

A

by the Avon river, 25 stones stood in large holes 3m high

31
Q

when was Bluestone Henge built?

A

3000BC

32
Q

what is the theory of Bluestone Henge?

A

the stones were brought back to stone henge and arranged inside the sarsens

33
Q

peak of stone henge marked what?

A

the beginning of copper, gold and bronze moving into Europe

34
Q

what did the arrival of gold, copper and bronze mean for Europe?

A

personal wealth and status were incredibly important

35
Q

how was the stone henge dated by archeologists?

A

there was a transition between group burials to individual burials, new styles of beaker pottery and metal working (axes made of bronze)

Anthropology Test 2 (15 decks)

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