modal verb meaning variations Flashcards

1
Q

Sie dürfen hereinkommen

A

They may/are allowed to come in.

dürfen expresses permission

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2
Q

Sie dürfen nicht hereinkommen.

A

They must not/are not allowed to come in.

dürfen with nicht expresses must not, not permitted

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3
Q

D

Das dürfte reichen.
Die Jacke dürfte ein Vermögen gekostet haben.

A

That will probably be enough.
That jacket will have cost a fortune.

Subjunctive II of dürfen expresses probability

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4
Q

Das dürfte sie gar nicht wissen.
Das hätte er nicht machen dürfen.

A

She ought not to know that.
He shouldn’t have done that.

nicht with subjunctive II of dürfen expresses shouldn’t or oughtn’t

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5
Q

Sie kann gut schwimmen.
Ich werde sie morgen besuchen können.

A

She can swim well.
I will be able to visit her tomorrow.

können expresses can or to be able to

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6
Q

Er kann es gesehen haben.
Sie könnte krank sein.
Sie könnte krank gewesen sein.

A

He may have seen it.
She might be ill.
She might have been ill.

können with perfect infinitive or subjunctive II expresses may or might

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7
Q

Sie möchte einen neuen Wagen kaufen.

A

She would like to buy a new car.

mögen express liking most often in subjunctive II

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8
Q

Das mag vielen nicht einleuchten, aber …
Das mag wohl sien, aber …

A

That may not be clear to many people, but …
That may well be, but …

mögen expresses possibility often with concessive force (implying a following aber…)

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9
Q

Sie mag keinen Tee.
Mögt ihr den neuen Lehrer?

A

She doesn’t like Tea
Do you like the new teacher?

mögen in present and past tenses used often as main verb with a direct object.

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10
Q

Ich muss um acht gehen.

A

I have to leave at 8.

müssen expresses necessity or compulsion

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11
Q

Wiir müssen noch nicht gehen.
Ich habe es nicht tun müssen.

A

We don’t have to go yet.
I didn’t need to do it.

müssen with negatives keeps the sense of necessity as need not

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12
Q

Sie ist hier, also muss es ihr besser gehen.
Das muss ein Fehler sein.

A

She is here, so she must be better.
That must/has to be a mistake.

müssen to express a logical deduction

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13
Q

Da müsstest du den Chef fragen.
Ich müsste eigentlich zum Zahnarzt gehen.

A

You would have to/need to ask the boss.
I really ought to go to the dentist.

müssen in subjunctive II expresses a possible compulsion or necessity or a logical deduction

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