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MOD > MOD8- Repair & Regeneration > Flashcards

MOD8- Repair & Regeneration Flashcards

1
Q

what is healing by regeneration?

A

it is returning tissue to normal function ie restitution of specialised function

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2
Q

what is healing by repair

A

it is healing by fibrosis and scarring ie loss of specialised function

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3
Q

what are the 3 different cell population theoretically

A

labile cell population, stable cell population, permanent cell population

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4
Q

what is labile cell population

A

high normal turnover(excellent regenerative capacity) eg epithelium, active stem cell population, usually heal by regeneration

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5
Q

what is another name for stable cell populatio

A

quiescent cell population

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6
Q

what is stable/quiescent cell population

A

low physiological turnover (turnover can massively increase if needed ie has good regenerative capacity) eg liver, renal tubules

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7
Q

what is permanent cell population

A

they are cells which do not have physiological turnover ie long life cells & no regenerative capacity eg neurons & muscle cells

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8
Q

what is required in order for regeneration to take place properly

A

previously existed architectural framework

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9
Q

what does regeneration of tissue depends on?

A

previously existed architectural framework , stem cells

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10
Q

what is a stem cell niches

A

it is a specific anatomical places where stem cells are stored within the human body

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11
Q

what controls regeneration

A

proliferation of stem cells/amplifying cell compartment, covering of defect, contact inhibition (proliferating cells will stop proliferating as they come into contact with each other in epithelium), complex control by growth factors, cell-cell & cell-matrix interactions

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12
Q

when will healing by repair take place?

A

normal structures which can not be replaced

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13
Q

what are the 3 main components of granulation tissue?

A

new capillary loops (around the dead muscles), phagocytic cells (neutrophils, macrophages), (myo)fibroblast - fibroblast which has muscle filament involved

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14
Q

what locally can inhibit healing by repair

A

presence of infection, foreign bodies, hematoma (clogged blood stoping physically the healing of the wound especially after surgery), lack of blood supply, mechanical stress

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15
Q

what systemically inhibit the healing by repair

A

age, drugs - especially those creating a catabolic state (eg steroids), anaemia(restricting blood supply), diabetes (restricting blood supply & causes metabolic deficit in cells) , malnutrition, catabolic states, Vit C deficiency (cofactor for collagen), trace metal deficiency

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16
Q

what is catabolic state

A

state in which the body is breaking larger molecules into smaller molecules

17
Q

what is healing by first intention in surgery inflicted wound

A

it mean a clean, uninfected surgical wound with good haemostasis and edges apposed eg with sutures or staples

18
Q

what is organisation of a wound

A

it is turning a granulation tissue into fibrous scar

19
Q

what is healing by second intention in surgery?

A

it is wound edges apposed (not toughing side to side) due to extensive loss of tissue etc

20
Q

what is the process of fracture bone healing?

A

once fractured - haematoma is formed - haematoma is then organised - osteoblast lay down callus bone - callus bone - remodel according to mechanical stress - replace by lamellar bone eventually

21
Q

what is callus bone

A

it is woven bone

22
Q

what lay down callus bone

A

osteoblast

23
Q

what will replace callus bone

A

lamellar bone wil

24
Q

what will cause healing by second intention

A

extensive loss of tissue - apposition not physically possible - large haematoma - infection - present of foreign body

25
Q

what make healing as a process different in the brain and bone?

A

neurones are terminally differentiate (not regenerable), supporting tissue = glial cells (rather than collagen and fibroblast)

however the overall healing process is the same really

26
Q

instead of fibrosis, what process will take place instead?

A

gliosis - carried out by glial cells within the brain

27
Q

what does damaged area of the brain is left with a cyst ?

A

it is because the damaged tissue is removed by glial cells rather than collagen & fibroblast ie no granulation tissues.

28
Q

what is the function of myofibroblast

A

acquire bundles of muscle filament and attachment to adjacent cells and so they can contract the wound which makes it smaller

MOD (19 decks)

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