Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MOD > MOD 18 - Characteristic of Tumour > Flashcards

MOD 18 - Characteristic of Tumour Flashcards

1
Q

definition of cancer

A

uncontrolled growth of cells which can invade and spread to distant sites of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is another name for tumour

A

neoplasm - lesion resulting from the autonomous growth or relatively autonomous abnormal growth of cells that persists in the absence of the initiating stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where does carcinoma arises?

A

epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where does sarcomas arises?

A

connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where does lymphoid/haematopoietic organs

A

lymphomas/leukaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the definition of differentiation?

A

the extent that neoplastic cells resemble the corresponding normal parenchymal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the usual conception of the benign tumour in terms of differentiation

A

wide-range of parenchymal differentiation

Most exhibit morphologic alterations showing malignant nature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are some morphological changes for a tumour

A

pleomorphism, abnormal nuclear morphology, mitosis, loss of polarity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is pleomorphism

A

the occurrence of more than one distinct form of a natural object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are some examples of abnormal nuclear morpholgy

A

nuclei appear too large for the cell that they are in, variability in nuclear shape, chromatin distribution, hyperchromatism, abnormal large nucleoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is mitosis evidence for?

A

proliferation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how can tumour be described histologically

A

well differentiated, moderately differentiated, poorly differentiated, undifferentiated/anaplastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what do tumour secrete?

A

protein/hormone - the more dysmorphic the cells are the more chances they secrete protein and hormone which do not resemble the cell origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is paraneoplastic syndromes

A

it is a set of symptoms which is the consequence of cancer in the body but that, unlike mass effect, is not due to the local presence of cancer cells. instead they are due to the humoral factors secreted by the tumours cells or secreted by immune system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are some example of hormone secreted by bronchogenic carcinoma

A

corticotropin, parathyroid-like hormone, insulin, glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is encapsulation of benign tumours

A

rim of compressed fibrous tissue

17
Q

what is pseudoencapsulation of malignant tumours

A

rows of cells penetrating margin

18
Q

how can metastasis of a cancer spread?

A

direct seeding, lymphatic spread, haematogenous spread

19
Q

what is direct seeding of metastasis?

A

neoplasm penetrates a natural open field without physical barriers

20
Q

what is pseudomyxoma peritonei

A

tumour remain confined to surface of peritoneal structure of peritoneal structure without penetrating peritoneal

21
Q

what is the most common pathway for a tumour to spread

A

through lymphatic drainage

22
Q

what is sentinel node?

A

the 1st node in a regional lymphatic basin that receives lymph flow from the primary tumour (identified by radiolabelled tracers)

23
Q

which way of metastasis is common for carcinoma

A

lymphatic spread

24
Q

which way of metastasis is common for sacroma

A

haematogenous spread

25
Q

when does tumour usually infiltrate first in the circulatory system

A

vein - thin walls

26
Q

what is haematogenous spread

A

Bloodborne cells follow the venous flow draining site of the neoplasm

27
Q

where does haematogenous spread normally rest initially

A

first encountered capillary bed - liver (portal) & lungs most common

28
Q

what is a stroma?

A

connective tissue framework that neoplastic cells embedded in

29
Q

what does stroma do for neoplastic cells

A

mechanical support, intercellular signalling, nutrition

30
Q

what is desmoplastic reaction of tumours

A

fibrous stroma formation due to induction of connective tissue fibroblast proliferation by growth factors from the tumour cells

31
Q

what does stroma contain

A

cancer-associated fibroblast, myofibroblasts, blood vessels, lymphocytic infiltrate

32
Q

what are some of the non-specific metabolic effects which can be caused by tumours

A

cachexia - profound weight-loss despite apparently adequate nutrition, Tumour-derived humoral effects that interfere with protein metabolism

warburg effect - Produces energy by high rate of glycolysis with fermentation of lactic acid
Used in imaging – PET scanning (FDG uptake)

neuropathy, myopathies, venous thrombosis

MOD (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions