Mod 8 Flashcards
preoperative care takes place from…
the time clients are scheduled for surgery until care is transferred to the operating suite.
preoperative care includes thorough data collection of the clients..
physical, emotional, and psychosocial status prior to surgery
surgery may be performed for?
restorative, curative, palliative, or cosmetic purpose
whose responsibility is it to obtain consent after discussing procedure risks and benefits?
Responsibility of the provider. The nurse IS NOT TO obtain the consent for the provider IN ANY circumstance
can the nurse provide new information or additional information not previously given by the provider
no. They can claify and info that remains unclear after the explanation but nothing new that has not been covered by the provider first.
palliative surgery
to relieve pain or complications Ex; to remove a metastatic rumor from the abdomen that is causing considerable pain
curative surgery
alleviates (cures) a problem as when a gallbladder that is full of stones causing blockage or pain is removed
who is at risk of higher complications of surgery and why
the infant and the elder because of either immature body systems or a decline in function of various body systems.
light amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation
laser surgery
what surgery is common and is often combined with microscopic, endoscopic, and robotic enhanced procedures.
laser surgery
allows the use of endoscopes with high-resolution video cameras passed through a very small incision for an ever increasing variety of surgical procedures.
fiberoptic surgery
this surgery is operated from a nearby comp, views magnified three dimensional images of surgical field on screen, magnification up to 12 times that of normal. remote controlled instruments are inserted through small incisions.
robotic surgery
what are some advantages of robotic surgery
has rock-steady hands, providing precision that is beyond human dexterity. Only small incisions are needed, the pt has less pain postoperatively and requires less time to heal. less scaring and fewer infections
what decreases complications?
a normal fluid and electrolyte balance
how long should pts avoid smoking before surgery
24 hours before surgery or 3 to 4 weeks before
what is the benefits of not smoking before surgery
increases the action of the lungs defense mechanisms and makes more hemoglobin available to carry oxygen during surgery and improves wound healing
what may cause nutritional deficiencies and bleeding problems
long term alcohol use
PAT
preadmission testing
what is included in the PAT interview
health history, identification of risk factors, pt and family teaching, discharge planning, and necessary referrals to social work, support groups, and educational programs. Ask about previous problems with anesthesia or malignant hyperthermia
how much water can the pt take with their medications the morning of surgery when they are to be NPO
1 ounce
atelectasis
collapse of the lung caused by hop ventilation or mucous obstruction preventing some alveoli from opening and being fully ventilated
what helps prevent atelectasis
deep breathing, by expanding and ventilating the lungs.
arterial blood gases
obtain baseline levels and detect pH and oxygenation abnormalities
bleeding time
detect prolonged bleeding problem
blood urea nitrogen (BUN) or creatine
detect kidney problem
complete blood cell count (CBC)
detect anemia, infection, clotting problem
electrolytes
detect potassium, sodium, chloride imbalances
fasting blood glucose
detect abnormalities, monitor diabetes control
partial thromboplastin time
detect clotting problem
international normalized ratio (INR)
detect clotting problem, monitor warfarin therapy
type and cross match
identify blood type to match blood for possible transfusion
urinalysis
detect infection, abnormalities.
what are the main priorities of care postoperatively?
maintaining airway, latency and ventilation and monitoring circulatory status
most surgeons postpone surgery if the pts ? is to low
hemoglobin level
the dictated report must be in the record…
before the pt goes to surgery
stasis
stoppage of flow
thrombophlebitis
blood clot causing inflammation of a vessel
how long should deep breathing and coughing be performed after general anesthesia
every 2 hours for 72 hours
most preoperative medications are given ? in the surgical holding area
intravenously