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Nursing 1 > Chap 35 > Flashcards

Chap 35 Flashcards

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1
Q

Parenteral route

A

(Not via the gastrointestinal tract) - require the use of 1) a syringe and needle OR 3) an intravenous IV catheter, to introduce medications into the body tissues or fluids.

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2
Q

why are injections given 3

A

1) when the pt cannot take medication by mouth
2) to hasten the action of the drug
3) when digestive juices would counteract the effects of the drug if given y the oral route

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3
Q

what precautions to observe for with injectable drugs? 3

A

1) Ensure the dose is accurate
2) select the correct site to prevent damage to the tissue
3) use sterile equipment and aseptic technique to prevent infection and sepsis

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4
Q

the move vascular the tissue..

A

the quicker the medication is absorbed

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5
Q

the wrong site or route may cause damage to

A

a major nerve or blood vessel or death

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6
Q

contamination of the equipment or the medication may cause

A

infection or abscess formation

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7
Q

what routes are used for parenteral medication administration? 4

A

Intradermal(ID) subcutaneous(subcut) Intramuscular(IM) and Intravascular(IV)

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8
Q

what route is used extensively for skin testing such as tuberculin testing. used at a 5-15 degree angle of inserstion

A

ID - Intradermal

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9
Q

what route is used for injecting medications into the tissues below the dermal layer? No major vessels or nerves. Inserted at a 45-90 degree angle. Absorption is slower than with IM because lack of blood vessels

A

Subcutaneous (subcut)

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10
Q

what route is used to inject sites of the deltoid, ventrogluteal, vast us laterals, and rectus femurs of the thigh. 90 degree angle of insertion. aspirates to check for blood. Aqueous solutions are absorbed more rapidly than those in an oil suspension

A

Intramuscular (IM)

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11
Q

how many mL can safely be injected in the ventrogluteal, vast us laterals, and rectus femurs sites in most adult pts?

A

3mL

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12
Q

what parts of the syringe must be kept sterile? 4

A

needle, tip, inside of the barrel, and the sides of the plunger

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13
Q

what syringe is large enough for subcutaneous and most IM injections?

A

3 mL syringe

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14
Q

what tip would be the choice for an IM injection?

A

Luer-Lok tip because the locking mechanism prevents a sudden separation of the needle and syringe when pressure is applied to inject medication into the muscle mass.

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15
Q

what tip would be the choice for an ID injection?

A

non-Luer-Lok slip tip because little pressure is needed to inject the medications into the dermal layer

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16
Q

? minims per mL

A

16 minims

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17
Q

0.25 mL = ? minims and 0.75 mL = ? minims

A

4; 12 minims

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18
Q

it is preferable to use a tuberculin syringe for

A

small doses (under 1 mL)

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19
Q

the larger the number of the gauge..

A

the smaller the needle

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20
Q

what are common sizes of an ID needle

A

25-, 27-, or 29- gauge needle works best

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21
Q

what is the common size of a subcutaneous needle?

A

25-gauge need because its strong enough to puncture the skin and reach below the dermis

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22
Q

what are common size needles to penetrate the large muscle layers when IM injections are given?

A

20-, 21-, 22-, and 23- gauge needles

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23
Q

the length of the needle is measured from its..

A

beveled tip to the junction of the shaft and the hub.

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24
Q

most often ? or ? inch needles are used for adult parenteral injections

A

1 or 1 1/2 inch

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25
Q

Adult Im injections frequently use ? and ? gauge needles. Although ? and ? gauge needles are preferred for viscous solutions or medications in oil suspensions.

A

22 and 23 ; 20 and 21

26
Q

viscous

A

sticky or gummy

27
Q

when preparing to give an injection, the 1st step is..

A

to select the appropriate size and type of needles and syringe for the medication to be given and for the pts age and size

28
Q

3mL syringe and 22-gauge, 1 1/2-inch needle are generally used for what injections?

A

IM

29
Q

3mL syringe and a 27-gauge, 3/8- to 1/2-inch, needle is generally used for what injection?

A

tuberculin

30
Q

25-gauge, 5/8-inch needle is generally used for what injection?

A

subcutaneous injection

31
Q

what contains powder in the base and solution in the top which are mixed together for use

A

the mix-o-vial

32
Q

consists of a vial with an attached needle for use with the Carpuject or Tubex holder

A

unit dose cartridge

33
Q

what do you need to do before opening an ampule cartridge?

A

remove the medication from the neck or stem

34
Q

what kind of needle do you use when withdrawing medication from an ampule and why

A

filter needle because small particles of glass may fall into the medication

35
Q

contains a single standard dose of medication

A

ampules

36
Q

may contain one or more doses of medication

A

vial

37
Q

solute

A

solid material

38
Q

diluent

A

specified fluid to dissolve the solute

39
Q

typical diluents

A

sterile water and sterile normal saline

40
Q

the reaction of incompatibilities can range from…

A

color change, precipitaion, and clouding to invisible chemical changes rendering the drug inactive

41
Q

formation of fibrous tissue

A

fibrosis

42
Q

scale of measurement

A

gauge

43
Q

visible elevation of the epidermis

A

bleb

44
Q

interior diameter of a needle

A

lumen

45
Q

red, elevated wheals

A

urticaria

46
Q

pull back on the syringe plunger to create suction

A

aspirate

47
Q

area of hardened tissue

A

induration

48
Q

not via the gastrointestinal tract

A

parenteral

49
Q

fluid to dissolve solute

A

diluents

50
Q

small circular piece at the center

A

core

51
Q

slanted part of the needle

A

bevel

52
Q

what is the needle size and length determined by?

A

type of injection to be given and the size of muscle tissue and the amount of fat at the pts injections site.

53
Q

what is essential for drug absorption?

A

adequate circulation

54
Q

needle size for infants

A

5/8- inch

55
Q

needle size for older children

A

5/8- inch or 1- inch need

56
Q

when giving a deltoid injection to a child, give the injection in the

A

thickest part of the muscle; the needle should point at a slight angle toward the shoulder

57
Q

site of choice for infants younger than 12 months for IM injections

A

vastus lateralis

58
Q

sites for children older than 13 months of age

A

vastus lateralis, ventrogluteal or a well developed deltoid muscle

59
Q

what is the main way to determine the effectiveness of injections?

A

to assess for signs that the desired effect is taking place. checking to see whether the signs and symptoms of the problem for which the med is being given are subsidding

60
Q

injection documentation should include? 5

A

1) medication
2) dosage
3) route
4) site at which the injection was given

Nursing 1 (12 decks)

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